Thermodynamic constants, table

From the scheme of reactions given in Fig. 99 it follows that in calculating the thermodynamic constants (Tables XII and XIII) of any intermediate or final compound, the recommended constants of the initial compounds and the standard (tabulated) constants of reference substances were used. For instance, in the case of fayalite—Fe2Si04 — the accepted constants of the... 

TABLE III-15. THERMODYNAMIC CONSTANTS OF IONIZATION FOR ALKYL-THIAZOLES (151)... 

The properties of butane and isobutane have been summarized ia Table 5 and iaclude physical, chemical, and thermodynamic constants, and temperature-dependent parameters. Graphs of several physical properties as functions of temperature have been pubUshed (17) and thermodynamic properties have been tabulated as functions of temperature (12). 

Pure carbon disulfide is a clear, colorless Hquid with a deHcate etherHke odor. A faint yellow color slowly develops upon exposure to sunlight. Low-grade commercial carbon disulfide may display some color and may have a strong, foul odor because of sulfurous impurities. Carbon disulfide is slightly miscible with water, but it is a good solvent for many organic compounds. Thermodynamic constants (1), vapor pressure (1,2), spectral transmission (3,4), and other properties (1,2,5—7) of carbon disulfide have been deterrnined. Principal properties are Hsted in Table 1. 

Complexes with the Fluoride Ion. For the compilation of stability constants (Table IV) of complexes with F , we have used, when needed, thermodynamic parameters (K, AH) pertaining to the dissociation of hydrofluoric acid as given by Smith and Martell (77) or extrapolated from their selection. 

Table 6.4 Kinetic and thermodynamic constants for inhibition of COX2 by DuP697 and...

Since AG° can be calculated from the values of the chemical potentials of A, B, C, D, in the standard reference state (given in tables), the stoichiometric equilibrium constant Kc can be calculated. (More accurately we ought to use activities instead of concentrations to take into account the ionic strength of the solution this can be done introducing the corresponding correction factors, but in dilute solutions this correction is normally not necessary - the activities are practically equal to the concentrations and Kc is then a true thermodynamic constant). 

Lattice constants for Pd-Rh alloys quenched from 1300°C vary smoothly with composition, showing only a small positive deviation from Vegard s law, but prolonged vacuum annealing below 850°C revealed the existence of a wide miscibility gap 151). Figure 25 shows the limits of the miscibility gap calculated from the lattice constants of the two-phase system between 825° and 600°C. Recent thermodynamic data (Table I) confirm the tendency to phase separation. The enthalpies of formation are endothermic... 

The thermodynamic constants of THF polymerization have been investigated by a number of authors. A variety of experimental techniques have been utilized including determinations of conversion to polymer, combustion, heat capacities eind vapor pressure. Comparison of our results with some previously published data shows that our results are within the range of the values reported (Table 3). 

Table 2. Thermodynamic constants of complexes of crown ethers with some CH-acidic guest molecules in deuteriobenzene ">...

In all of the examples given, a temperature of 25°C and 1 atm total pressure are assumed. The task will be to calculate the concentration of all of the carbonic acid system components, pH, At, CO2, Pcc>2< Ca2+ concentration, ionic strength, and the appropriate ion activity coefficients. The values of the thermodynamic constants used in these calculations were calculated from appropriate equations in Chapter 1. Concentrations are on the molal scale, and results for each case are summarized in Table 2.4. 

Table 18 Thermodynamic Constants for AlCl3-NaCl Equilibria, 175-355°C... 

Here we present a computational model of mitochondrial electrophysiology and oxidative phosphorylation is based on the models of one of the authors [13, 14] and Wu et al. [212], The processes illustrated in Figure 7.9 are modeled based on the electrophysiology modeling approach outlined in Section 7.3. Thermodynamic constants for the transport reactions are computed from thermodynamic data tabulated in Table 6.1. 

The thermodynamics and kinetics of NCS-, CN-,871 Cl-, Br-, NCS- and I- 872 substitutions at [Rh(TPPS)(H2 O)] have been reported the reactions involved are shown in equation (169), and the parameters determined are summarized in Table 60. Spectrophotometric titrations showed two inflection points as OH- is added to [Rh(TPPS)(H20)2]3-, and the consecutive pKx values (7.01 and 9.80 at 20 °C) correspond to the pKk values for fac- and mer-[RhCl3(H20)3], suggesting that the TPPS6- anion and 3 Cl- ligands are comparable electron donors toward the Rh center.872 The trends in the equilibrium constants (Table 60) imply that Rhni is a soft (class B) add in these complexes the NCS- ion is presumed to be sulfur bonded, although no direct evidence is presented to support this assumption. 

Effect of Temperature on DAm The effect of temperature on DAm from both 2 M LiNOs (0.01 M HNO3) and 3 M HNO3 for the three hexyl-ethyl CMP extractants and for 0( )D[IB]CMP0 is shown in Figures 3 and 4. Table III shows a tabulation of the thermodynamic constants for the extraction of Am(III) using third power concentration dependencies for the nitrate ions and the extractant. (Although activities were ignored in the calculation of the thermodynamic constants, the relative AH and AS values should be valid since the activity of the different extractant molecules should be approximately the same.)... 

This is a dissolution equilibrium that is governed by the thermodynamic constant called Ksp (solubility product, see Example 2.1). To calculate the K3p value, we now use the A G/° values from the table. First we use them to calculate the A G° for this reaction and we then use this value to calculate the numerical value for Ksp. Because [Al3+] is given, we are able to calculate [OH-] and thus the pH. Mathematically speaking ... 

While studying polymer distribution between the emulsion phases it was found that in the systems mentioned above obtained both by copolymerization of styrene with polybutadiene rubber and mixing styrene solutions of polymers when the composition is far enough from the critical mixing point, thermodynamic equilibrium is reached.At this thermodynamic equilibrium the ratio of polymer concentration (Cp) in rubber (index ) as well as in polystyrene (index ) phases is practically constant (table II),... 

In dilute solutions (/ < 10 M), that is, in fresh waters, our calculations are usually based on the infinite dilution activity convention and thermodynamic constants. In these dilute electrolyte mixtures, deviations from ideal behavior are primarily caused by long-range electrostatic interactions. The Debye-Huckel equation or one of its extended forms (see Table 3.3) is assumed to give an adequate description of these interactions and to define the properties of the ions. Correspondingly, individual ion activities are estimated by means of individual ion activity coefficients calculated with the help of the Guntelberg or Davies (equations 3 and 4 of Table 3.3) or it is often more convenient to calculate, with these activity coefficients, a concentration equilibrium constant valid at a given /,... 

The basic aim of these thermodynamic property tables is to provide a related and consistent set of enthalpies of formation and Gibbs energies of formation. This allows the prediction of the enthalpy and Gibbs energy changes and the equilibrium constants for any reaction among the constituents of the tables. 

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