Thermal splitting of water

Kogan A, Spiegler E, Wolfshtein M (2000) Direct solar thermal splitting of water and on-site separation of the products. III. Improvement of reactor efficiency by steam entrainment. Int J Hydrogen Energy 25 739-745... 

Kogan, A., E. Spiegler, M. Wolfshtein (2000), Direct Solar Thermal Splitting of Water and On-site Separation of the Products. III. Improvement of Reactor Efficiency by Steam Entrainment , International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 25, 739-745. 

E-12 CS Size Hydrogen via Nuclear Thermal Splitting of Water with Future Optimism, 154... 

Central station plant Midsize plant Distributed Steam reforming Steam reforming Steam reforming Gasifier Thermal splitting of water Gasifier or direct conversion Electrolysis Electrolysis Electrolysis... 

A. Kogan, Direct solar thermal splitting of water and on-site separation of the products. 

R. P. Omoijan, R. N. Paunovic, M. N. Tekic, and M. G. Antov, Maximal extent of an isothermal reversible gas-phase reaction in single- and double-membrane reaction direct thermal splitting of water, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 26 203-212 (2001). 

Europium(III) exchanged zeolites have been studied by a number of research groups. Arakawa and coworkers (20, 21 ) report the luminescence properties of europium(III)-exchanged zeolite Y. Emission spectra were measured under a variety of conditions and bands for europium(II) were observed after thermal treatment of the europium(III) Y zeolites. A mechanism was proposed for the thermal splitting of water which involved the cycling of europium between the two different oxidation states. Europium MSssbauer experiments (22 ) also show that on thermal treatment of europium-(III) zeolites that europium(II) is formed. Stucky and coworkers (23, 24) studied the phosphorescence lifetime of these europium-(lll) zeolites and showed that the inverse of the lifetime (the decay constant) was linearly related to the number of water molecules surrounding the europium(III) ion in the zeolite supercages. These studies involved zeolites A, X, Y and ZSM-5. 

H2 can be generated by electrolysis of water, thermal splitting of water, reforming of hydrocarbons, reaction of certain chemicals with water, and... 

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