Splitting of water

The direct splitting of H2S, analogous to the splitting of water, is not economically feasible because of the high energy iaput requirement for the endothermic reaction. 

Titania photocatalyst is used for air and water purification, photo-splitting of water to produce hydrogen, odor control and disinfectant. Crystal structure and crystallite size of titania particles are one of the most important factors that affect on the photoactivity. Photoactivity of anatase is higher than that of rutile, and increases with crystallite size [1]. Therefore, to increase photoactivity, it is desirable to find a route for the synthrais of the pure anatase titania with large crystallite size. 

Bard AJ, Fox MA (1995) Artificial photosynthesis solar splitting of water to hydrogen and oxygen. Acc Chem Res 28 141-145... 

The list of reactions provided by dispersed semiconductors as photocatalysts is very broad [22]. It includes (1) splitting of water into the H2 and O2 (2)... 

Cadmium sulfide has been proposed as a catalyst for the splitting of water by sunlight In these studies, the CdS particles were loaded with colloidal RuO in... 

Mohapatra SK, Misra M, Mahajan VK et al (2007) A novel method for the synthesis of titania nanotubes using sonoelectrochemical method and its application for photoelectro-chemical splitting of water. J Catal 246 362-369... 

Zou, Z., Ye, J., Sayama, K., and Arakawa, H. (2001) Direct splitting of water under visible light irradiation with an oxide... 

Bard, A.J. and Fox, M.A. (1995) Artificial photosynthesis solar splitting of water to hydrogen and oxygen. Accounts of Chemical Research, 28 (3), 141—145. Imahori, H., Mori, Y., and Matano, Y. (2003) Nanostructured artificial photosynthesis. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C Photochemistry Reviews, 4 (1), 51-83. 

Nuclear energy can produce hydrogen in several ways (1) nuclear heated steam reforming of natural gas, (2) electrolysis of water using nuclear power, (3) HTE using minor heat and major electricity from nuclear reactor, and (4) thermochemical splitting of water using... 

Direct splitting of water can be accomplished by illuminating two interconnected photoelectrodes, a photoanode, and a photocathode as shown in Figure 7.6. Here, Eg(n) and Eg(p) are, respectively, the bandgaps of the n- and p-type semiconductors and AEp(n) and AEF(p) are, respectively, the differences between the Fermi energies and the conduction band-minimum of the n-type semiconductor bulk and valence band-maximum of the p-type semiconductor bulk. lifb(p) and Utb(n) are, respectively, the flat-band potentials of the p- and n-type semiconductors with the electrolyte. In this case, the sum of the potentials of the electron-hole pairs generated in the two photoelectrodes can be approximated by the following expression ... 

Direct splitting of water with illuminated and interconnected photoanode and photocathode. 

Ignoring for the moment the solute in solution, the water dissociation involves the splitting of water itself in a process called autoprotolysis. The reaction is usually represented as... 

A better way of defining neutral is to say equal numbers of protons and hydroxide ions reside in solution (both types of ion being solvated). How does this situation arise Autoprotolysis, as mentioned above, represents the //-production of protons, which is achieved by the splitting of water according to Equation (6.2). It is clear from Equation (6.2) how the consequence of such auto-protolytic splitting is a solution with equal numbers of protons and hydroxide ions. 

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