Thermal oxidizer hearth

Hearth thermal oxidizers. This type of thermal oxidizer is primarily designed to oxidize solid waste. Solids are moved through the combustion chamber mechanically using a rake. 

Multiple effects evaporation-steam and/or oil, multiple hearth and rotary kiln incineration, and other special thermal oxidation systems. 

A more simplified description is a unit that combusts materials in the presence of oxygen at temperatures normally ranging from 800 to 1650°C. A typical configuration of an incinerator is shown in Figure 9. Typical types of incineration units that are discussed herein are catalytic oxidation, fluidized beds, hquid injection, multiple hearth furnaces, and rotary kiln. Thermal desorption is also discussed. However, an overview of the main factors affecting incinerator performance is presented first, below. 

This wear is caused primarily from high thermal and mechanical stress, chemical attack, attack by iron and slag, oxidation, and severe thermal shock. Thus the design of the hearth wall and the concepts employed ate just as important as the carbon or graphite materials chosen for the refractory material. Despite their benefits and properties, no carbon or graphite material can overcome the problems of an improper hearth wall design concept. 

Once an undesirable material is created, the most widely used approach to exhaust emission control is the application of add-on control devices (6). For organic vapors, these devices can be one of two types, combustion or capture. Applicable combustion devices include thermal incinerators (qv), ie, rotary kilns, liquid injection combusters, fixed hearths, and fluidized-bed combustors catalytic oxidization devices flares or boilers/process heaters. Primary applicable capture devices include condensers, adsorbers, and absorbers, although such techniques as precipitation and membrane filtration are finding increased application. A comparison of the primary control alternatives is shown in Table 1 (see also Absorption Adsorption Membrane technology). 

This manual focuses on thermal treatment processes for wastewater treatment sludges. Processes indude multiple-hearth and fluid-bed furnaces, wet air oxidation, disk dryers, and the Carver-Greenfield process. Also cSscussed are heat recovery, stack gas cleaning, emissions, combustion theory, fuel use. solids preparation, and ash management... 

Hearth type (or reverberatory) furnaces exist in various sizes and shapes. Large hearth type furnaces allow rapid melting and can handle bulky charge material, but the direct contact between the flame and charge material may lead to high metal losses, gas pick-up and to considerable oxide contamination. Temperature control can also be difficult. This type of furnace is used less because of its relatively low thermal efficiency (around 1100 kWh/tonne). The hearth type furnace is also used for copper alloy melting (see Section 3.5.1). [175, Brown, 1999]... 

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