Thermabeam® interface

From 1988, several commercial adaptations of the MAGIC [71] were described (Ch. 4.8). The PBI most closely resembles the MAGIC. It contains a more user-friendly and robust momentum separator and the cross-flow pneumatic nebulizer is replaced by a concetrfric pneumatic nebulizer [82-83]. In the thermabeam interface a TSP nebtrlizer is trsed [84]. The universal interface features the use of a TSP nebulizer and a cormtercrrrrent gas-diffusion membrane separator between the... 

In subsequent years (1988), the MAGIC system was commerciahzed, first by Hewlett-Packard (nowadays Agilent Technologies), and subsequently by other instrument manufacturers. Four commercial versions of the system have been available (1) the particle-beam interface, featuring an adjustable concentric pneumatic nebulizer, (2) the thermabeam interface with a combined pneumatic-TSP nebulizer, (3) the universal interface, in which TSP nebulization and an additional gas diffusion membrane is applied, and (4) the capillary-EI interface, which resulted from systematic modifications to existing PBI systems by Cappiello [83]. The first system was most widely used, and is discussed in more detail below. For some years, PBI was widely used for environmental analysis, especially in the US. 

The major difference between the FBI and the thermabeam interface [87] is the use of a combined TSF and pneumatic nebulizer. The TSF nebulizer stimulates the evaporation of the aerosol resulting in smaller particles ca. 50 nm). This is expected to enhance analyte volatilization and to minimize analyte degradation. Therefore, a somewhat smaller heatable stainless-steel desolvation chamber can be used in the thermabeam system. It was commercially available as part of the Waters Integrity LC-MS system. 

MAGIC (Monodisperse Aerosol Generating Interface for Chromatography), Thermabeam and Universal interfaces. 

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