Therapies peptide drugs

The vaginal route is eonsidered to be suitable for the loeal applieation and absorption of therapeuties like estrogens for hormone replaeement therapy or contraception. Systemic absorption of peptide drugs sueh as LHRH agonists and ealcitonin can also be achieved [65]. 

Electrophysiological basis for a rational approach to antidysrhythmic therapy, 9, 69 Elements for the rational design of peptide drugs, 15, 29 Endogenous broncho-active substances and their antagonism, 5, 95... 

Aronsohn, A.I. and Hughes, J.A. (1998) Nuclear localization signal peptides enhance cationic liposome-mediated gene therapy. J. Drug Target., 5, 163-169. 

Insulin is an early and classic example of a biotechnology product. It illustrates some of the general problems that are associated with peptide drugs and how modem technology leads to improved therapy. Prior to the production of human insulin by cell-based fermentation processes, treatment was with pancreatic extracts of porcine or bovine origin. Many patients developed insulin resistance, and... 

The range of applications of peptide drugs is very broad, and includes analgesia, cancer therapy, and infection treatment. The processing and delivery of proteins are often challenging, as many protein molecules are physically and chemically unstable. Once administered, proteins can be subject to enzymatic degradation, and present unfavorable permeation through cellular membranes. 

Kim JH, Kim YS, Park K, Kang E, Lee S, Nam HY et al (2008) Self-assembled glycol chitosan nanoparticles for the sustained and prolonged delivery of antiangiogenic small peptide drugs in cancer therapy. Biomaterials 29 1920-1930... 

Insulin is a hydrophobic peptide drug for diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is a serious pathologic condition responsible for major health care problems all around the world costing billions of dollars annually. In the United States, it represents the fourth leading cause of death. Diabetes also leads to severe complications such as kidney disease, retinopathy, neuropathy, leg or foot amputations and heart disease [2G. As a consequence of poor oral bioavailabiUty and current lack of alternative delivery routes, insulin is presently administered parentally. The subcutaneous route, requiring single or multiple daily injections, is the main stay of conventional insulin therapy [27]. 

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