Theoretical saturation

The concept of theoretical saturation in the focus and small-group literature was used to guide the study (Krueger, 1994 Strauss Corbin, 1990). Following grounded theory, theoretical saturation was defined as a situation obtaining when further sampling elicited no new or further informa-... 

TABLE 19.3. Derived Values for Theoretical Saturation Plot... 

Figure 11 Depth profiles of (a) N2O concentration and (b) and (c) <5 0 of N2O at station ALOHA in the subtropical North Pacific (22° 45 N, 158° W) during four separate cruises. The solid line in (a) indicates theoretical saturation with atmospheric N2O at in situ temperatures and salinities. The minima in and <5 0 around 200 m are thought to be due to significant in situ production of N2O from nitrification. The broad isotopic maxima at depth are likely due to N2O consumption, perhaps in the denitrifying waters along the eastern Pacific margin. The filled squares at the top of (b) and (c) represent measurements of <5 N and <5 0 of atmospheric N2O during the Hawaii Ocean Time-series 76 cruise, and arrows indicate the range of historical measurements as of the late 1980s. Reprinted from Dore JE, Popp BN, Karl DM, and Sansone FJ (1998) A large source of atmospheric nitrous oxide from subtropical North Pacific surface waters. Nature 396 63-66.

V should not be determined from that asymptote because considerable error can be introduced. It is worthwhile to remind that V is a limit and certainly not the maximum attainable value of v, since substrate solubility in the reaction medium can be far away from the theoretical saturation value for the enzyme. As an example, the maximum value of v attainable for the hydrolysis of lactose with (3-galactosidase is only 88% of V, since the solubility of lactose at the conditions of reaction is about 250 g (Illanes et al. 2000). If K is determined from that value of V (substrate... 

The parameters of saturation curves depend on photophysical characteristics of molecules fluorophores, so that such characteristics can be extracted from these curves after resolving an inverse problem (Fadeev et al., 1999). This is a basement of nonlinear laser fluoiimetiy as a method for investigation of photophysical properties of CCXI. To solve the inverse problem, we should first calculate (either analytically or numerically) the theoretical saturation curves by using the fluorescence response formation model of an ensemble of fluorescent molecules under their excitation by laser radiation. In present work two models have been used the conventional model of fluorescence response formation and the model of localized donor-acceptor (LDA) pairs. 

By solving systems (la) and (lb) numerically, one can find the concentration of the fluorescent molecules in the excited state and calculate the number of fluorescence photons Nn, emitted from the volume V after the action of the laser pulse (Filipova et al., 2001 Fadeev et al., 1999). The theoretical saturation curve for the model (la) can be calculated from following equation ... 

The symbols in Table 4.3 refer to the final amounts of each sugar transferred, but the rates of transfer were also analysed. The addition of a second sialyl residue to acceptor B, catalysed by enzyme 2 was slow, even though a final addition of 80 per cent of the theoretical saturation value was achieved. Similarly, the addition of a sialyl residue to acceptor D, catalysed by enzyme 1 was very slow (and incomplete). Consequently, neither of these reactions would contribute greatly to the pattern of overall synthesis except under... 

Pig. 9.15 Experimental (+) and theoretical (-) saturation curves for radicals trapped in an X-irradiated crystalline dosimeter material... 

The aim of the coding process is to build a theory, grounding it in observations and interviews. In order to do this, the general rule for Grounded Theory is to sample interviews and observations and strive for theoretical saturation. There are three aspects that indicate theoretical saturation (Strauss and Corbin) ... 

With respect to the pursuit of theoretical saturation, we will focus on the lack of emergence of new or relevant data, since this is a good indicator for the exhaustiveness we strive for in our research. 

Sm exhibits a rhombohedral crystal structure at low temperatures. In the nine layer sequence of close packed planes, two layers of atoms with a locally hexagonal environment alternate with one atomic layer in a locally cubic environment, so that the stacking pattern is of the form hhchhchhc. Hund s rules predict a ground state of the Sm ion with L = 5, 5 = and / = i with a small theoretical saturation moment of f / B/atom. 

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