The shake up satellites

If we examine Eq. (21.14) and Fig. 21.5 it is apparent that apart from v2 = vb, the cross section has zeroes when v2 = vb(mod 1). Furthermore, the combination of these zeroes and the periodic variations in A lead to satellite structure which is 

The phase dependent continuum excitation has been observed by Tran et al.6 and more clearly by Story and Cooke.10 They excited the Ba 6sl9d D2 states to the region of the 6p1/2 limit and observed the fluorescence from the excited 6p1/2 state of Ba+. The resulting spectrum is shown in Fig. 21.9. Using this technique they do not detect excitation below the 6p1/2 limit at all efficiently, but are able to see the variations in the cross section above the 6p1/2 limit with remarkable clarity. 

6p3/2nd channel (—) are multiplied by 10 at 62,000 and 63,800 cm- as indicated. Note that the integrals extend smoothly across the 6p1/2 and 6p3/2 limits. Note also that the overlap integrals peak at 61,000 and 62,800 cm-1 near the 6p1/212d and 6p3/2l2d states. The maximum value is (9.36)3/2, not 1, because of the continuum normalization. In (b) the 

Since the features due to the 6p3/2nd states decrease in intensity with increasing n, it is evident that most of the excitation is due to the 6p1/2ed continuum, not to the 6p3/2nd states. 

As shown by Fig. 21.8, in Ba the overlap integrals for the 6p1/2nd and 6p3/2rcd channels overlap, admitting the possibility of interference in the excitation amplitudes to the 6p1/2rcd and 6p3/2nd channels. However the fine structure 

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Fig. 2. The Ols and C 1 s regions of the X-ray photoelectron spectrum of C3O2, showing the shake-up satellites. Reproduced with permission from Ref.77)...

The thermally induced interconversion of two oxides, e.g., C03O4 and CoO, and CU2O and CuO, has been followed by electron spectroscopy 15, 67). In both cases the shake-up satellites associated with the Co(2piy2)... 

In d-metals, the opposite is true the d-wavefunctions hybridize easily with conduction band states. The main peak can in this case be coordinated with the well screening outer d s, and the shake-up satellite, when observed, is due to the poorly screening process (Fig. 7c). For d-metals, furthermore, the very high density of d-states at Ep is the cause of many secondary electron excitation from just below Ep to empty states just beyond Ep which results in the asymetric high energy tailing of the main peak. Final state multiplet splitting, explained above, can in addition overlap the split response. 

The analysis of the shake up satellites in terms of a two component structure leads to the correlation shown in Fig. 46 where for convenience the data has been analyzed in terms of the coulomb integrals of the substituents. 

The Cr 2p3a binding energies (XPES) increase from Cr(CNPh)6 to [Cr(CNPh)6]+ to [Cr(CNR)6]2+, the values being 574.5, 575.3 and 576.7 eV respectively.22 29 The shake-up satellite structure associated with the N Is and C Is binding energies in these spectra most probably arises from M (d)- it (CNAr(R) excitations accompanying the primary photoemission. 

Fig. 3.3 The relationship of the first moment of the photoelectron spectrum of a core state to the main peak and the shake-up satellite structure is illustrated21 36.

Films of the three block copolymers were cast from chloroform, a mutual solvent for PS and PEO,( ) and the measured and 0. core level spectra are shown in Figure 2. The spectra show the characteristic peak of PEO, the shake-up satellite of PS, and an easily deconvoluted doublet for the core levels in PS and PEO. It is apparent from the spectra that he PS concentration at the copolymer surface increases as the PS in the copolymer increases. More importantly, however, an analysis of the spectral data clearly shows that the surface compositions are significantly richer in PS than would be predicted based on a knowledge of the bulk compositions of the block copolymers. In Figure 3 is shown a plot of the surface-vs-bulk compositions for the diblock copolymers. ... 

The common XPS features discussed below may also be regarded as final state effects, namely the shake up satellites, energy loss bands and multiplet splitting. 

Co2p spectra are shown in Figure 4. Co2p region showed a position (BE Co2p3/2=780.1 eV) and a band shape typical of C03O4 [20], There is also an increased shoulder at around 778 eV, where the peak for Co is expected. There is a possibility, due to the shape of the shake-up satellite structure, that divalent Co is present in small quantities as the satellite structure is typical of CoO, which is very sensitive to defects [20]. 

Fig. 6. The shake-up satellite features of XPS C(Is) at various doping levels are shown, with the neutral DP7 at the bottom and increasing doping levels upwards.

Figure 10. The shake-up satellite separation plotted against the log of the 50% drop height for TATB, DATB, Picramide and TNB show a perfectly linear relationship. TATB analog compounds having widely varying structure show a different slope.

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