The Kinetic Modeling of Commercial Catalytic Processes

In recent years more detailed models were developed. Liguras and Allen [1989] described the conversion of Vacuum Gas Oil in terms of a relatively large number of pseudo-components, most of which are lumps in their own way. Klein et al. [1991] generated these pseudo-components from analytical characteristics using Monte-Carlo simulation. Instead, Quann and Jaffe [1992, 1996] and Christensen et al. [1999] in their Structure Oriented Lumping (SOL) expressed the chemical transformations by accounting for typical structures of the various types of molecules, without completely eliminating lumps and because of that, rate parameters that still depend upon the feedstock composition. 

The model development presented here is to be compared with the well accepted modeling of thermal cracking and of polymerization processes which both proceed through elementary steps of radical chemistry, as already outlined in Chapter 1 [Froment, 1992 Kiparissides, 1996], 

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