Commercialization of the process

Produce packaging Woven or knit bags, strong, lightweight, spun surface does not damage produce, waste fiber used for cover. 

Industrial and High abrasion resistance, unique constructions for 

Decorative, household Easy multi-color, high wear. 

Fashion outerwear Superior knittability, Shetland colors easy, wool and naturals desired hand and softness, fancy knits. 

Protective Anti-flam construction inherent clothing, drapery, upholstery. 

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Graft reactions on cellulosics are well studied and are well known to incorporate desired properties in polymers [61,72,73,76,77,99-102], but commercialization of the processes on cellulosics are not increasing. (Table 4 gives a summary of the techniques of grafting.) A fresh imaginative approach is required to solve this problem. 

SPD [Slurry phase distillate] A process for making diesel fuel, kerosene, and naphtha from natural gas. Developed by Sasol and first commercialized in South Africa in 1993. A joint venture with Haldor Topsoe for the further development and commercialization of the process was announced in 1996. Commercialization in Nigeria was announced in 1998. 

Future perspectives in this field, and opportunities for the commercialization of the process of isobutane oxidation, depend on the development of more active and stable POMs-based catalysts. 

This reaction over vanadia catalyst showed much better selectivity than before. At 823 K the selectivity exceeded 70%. This result was recognized as a promising lead to a long awaited direct process. However, a pilot test did not meet expectation since the selectivity proved to be too low for commercialization of the process. 

Comment on whether or not the equilibrium position of this reaction is the likely source of the problem for commercialization of the process. 

As already noted, Bosch s conviction was decisive in persuading the company s leadership to proceed with the commercialization of the process. He was the only expert who knew the capabilities of the steel industry, and he believed that a sizable high-pressure converter could be built he also believed that cheaper catalysts could be found, and that raw materials could be supplied in requisite amounts and purities. Bosch s inventiveness was decisive in removing a critical obstacle to further progress when the walls of experimental steel converters began failing after only short periods of operation. 

Ostwald offered the process to the Farbwerke Hoechst, noting that commercialization of the process would remove the threat of an English naval blockade denying Germany access to Chilean nitrates in the case of a war/ As soon as Ostwald s attempt to patent the process became known in 1903, BASF disputed the claim. The company pointed out that the reaction was first described by Charles Frederic Kuhlmann (1803-1881) in 1838, and then in many of his subsequent papers, and it also noted its own research in related areas of high-temperature catalysis. In April 1907 Ostwald was forced to withdraw his claim. By the time BASF decided to go ahead with the oxidation there were no legal problems, but it still had to find a cheaper catalyst. 

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