The Future Toolbox

Biotechnology creates value upstream in a production process for chemicals, intermediates, and pharmaceutical ingredients. This created value must be conserved in the following isolation and purification or downstream process. Innovation is needed both in the upstream process (USP) and in the downstream process (DSP) to minimize losses, remove side products, and still be environmentally tenable. Bioieactions are mostly carried out in aqueous solutions and product isolahon can be problematic because of the similarity of solubility and physicochemical properties of the product, substrate, and side product. However, effective methods exist to address most isolation and purification problems. Alternative DSP practices are increasingly used and 

TABLE 27.8 Examples of Reactions Developed and Carried Out by Lonza, One of the Pioneering Companies Using Biotechnology for Organic Chemical Synthesis of Fine Chemicals, Intermediates, and Pharmaceuticals [83] 

Reaction Class Substrate Class A Lonza Example 

N-containing-3-amino heterocycles (asymmetric synthesis or racemic resolution) 

Examples of market participants are AB Enzymes, logen, Verenium Corporation, Dyadic, Specialty Enz)mies, Biochemical, Codexis, c-LEcta, Evocatal, DSM, Lonza, Promega, Solvay Pharmaceuticals, and others. 

---