The Future and Nitrogen Management

Therefore, preservation of acceptable water quahty and reversal of eutrophication in these systems will invariably include reductions of current loads and setting limits on new N input, either alone or in combination with other nutrient (e.g., P) input reductions. Freshwater nutrient management has, in many instances, successfully arrested and reversed eutrophication by reducing P loadings (Edmondson, 1970 Likens, 1972 VoUenweider, 1982). Indeed, the upstream freshwater portions of many estuaries are also P-Hmited (Boynton and Kemp, 2000 Fisher et al, 1999), and P input constraints in these waters have been quite successful in reducing the unwanted symptoms of eutrophication (nuisance algal blooms, toxicity, hypoxia, 

Anderson, D. M., and Garrison, D. J. (eds.). (1997). The Ecology and Oceanography of Harmful Algal Blooms. American Society of Limnology and Oceanography Special Issue. Vol. 42(5), pp. 1009—1305. ASLO, Lawrence, KS, USA. 

Harrison, P., and Oliveira, L. (1991). The role of dissolved organic nitrogen in phytoplankton nutrition, cell biology and ecology. Phycologia 30, 1—89. 

Bartone, S. (2005). Estuarine Indicators. Proceedings of the Estuarine Indicators Workshop. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL. 

(2002). Coastal Sprawl The Effects ofUrban Design on Aquatic Ecosystems in the United States. Pew Oceans Commission, Arlington, VA. 

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