The efficiency of growth

M ere tJq represents the efficiency of free energy conservation within the biomass and other organic products [49]. Similarly, 

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There exists still another useful quantity, which has been used to systematize the experimental data on the efficiency of growth supported by various carbon sourcesi it is Payne s yield on available electrons, Y, (13). It is defined as the... 

The analysis presented above may in some cases provide a useful alternative to the treatment of the efficiency of growth or value (16, 17), which involves the... 

False. Batch cultures can convert high proportions of substrates, as growth can be allowed to proceed until substrates are exhausted. In continuous cultures substrates are never fully converted, as medium is continuously removed. In fact, residual substrate concentration increases as the dilution rate increases, until virtually all of the medium remains unused. Continuous cultures usually recycle the medium after biomass removal to increase the efficiency of substrate conversion. 

This makes us conclude that the process of quenching is associated with an electron transfer. The efficiency of phosphorescence quenching by acceptors follows, as well, the growth of electron affinity of the latter. Phosphorescence quenching constants are two orders of magnitude lower than fluorescence quenching constants. This indi-... 

The amount of growth occurring when rainfall is limited depends on the ratio of assimilation rate to transpiration rate. In a leaf the instantaneous transpiration efficiency, A E, is given approximately by... 

These complementary observational constraints indicate that another process participates to the transport of AM in solar-type stars, while MC and turbulence are successful in more massive stars. The two most likely candidates are the large-scale magnetic field which could be present in the radiative zone and the internal gravity waves (hereafter 1GW) which are generated by the external convective zone. As we just explained, the observations suggest that the efficiency of this process is finked to the growth of the convective enveiope. This is a characteristics of 1GW. 

To overcome these limitations, we have developed culture substrates that enable the highly efficient expansion of specific cells in adherent cultures [37, 85-88]. An important characteristic of these substrates is that specifically engineered growth factors are immobilized on the surface. Extensive protein engineering techniques were used to optimize the presentation of growth factors to cells. 

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