The Czerny-Turner Spectrometer

FIGURE 4-7. Schematic diagram of a Czerny-Turner plane grating spectrometer. [Courtesy McPherson Instrument Corp.] 

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Figure 13.1 Schematic of Czerny-Turner spectrometer the two options for a scanning (slit plus single-element detector) and an imaging (CCD array detector) instrument are indicated...

The potential of LA-based techniques for depth profiling of coated and multilayer samples have been exemplified in recent publications. The depth profiling of the zinc-coated steels by LIBS has been demonstrated [4.242]. An XeCl excimer laser with 28 ns pulse duration and variable pulse energy was used for ablation. The emission of the laser plume was monitored by use of a Czerny-Turner grating spectrometer with a CCD two-dimensional detector. The dependence of the intensities of the Zn and Fe lines on the number of laser shots applied to the same spot was measured and the depth profile of Zn coating was constructed by using the estimated ablation rate per laser shot. To obtain the true Zn-Fe profile the measured intensities of both analytes were normalized to the sum of the line intensities. The LIBS profile thus obtained correlated very well with the GD-OES profile of the same sample. Both profiles are shown in Fig. 4.40. The ablation rate of approximately 8 nm shot ... 

Figure 21 -25 A Cd line at 228.802 nm causes spectral interference with the As line at 228.812 nm in most spectrometers. With sufficiently high resolution, the two peaks are separated and there is no interference. The instrument used for this spectrum has a 1-m Czerny-Turner monochromator (Figure 20-5) with a resolution of 0.005 nm from 160 to 320 nm and 0.010 nm from 320 to 800 nm. [Courtesy Jobin Yvon Horiba Group. Longjumeau Cedex. France.]...

Fig. 7. Diagram of a grating spectrometer with the optical components (Czerny-Turner mount and the electronics with the usual lock-in technique...

The spectrometers used are adapted either for sequential or simultaneous multi-element measurements. Commonly used grating spectrometers in plasma AES include (i) spectrometers with the Paschen-Runge mount, (ii) echelle spectrometers, (iii) spectrometers with Ebert and Czerny-Turner mounts, (iv) spectrometers with Seya-Namioka mounts, and (v) double monochromators. Also Fourier transform spectrometers may be used in plasma AES. 

Spectrometers with the Ebert and Czerny—Turner Mounts... 

The NanoPhotometer Pearl (from Implen, GmbH www.implen.com) is a compact dual-channel Czerny Turner grating spectrometer with a 1024 pixel charge-coupled detector (CCD) array detector and xenon flash lamp source (Figure 5.30). 

Spectrometer designs are similar to those already discussed, including broadband diode array, echelle, Czerny-Turner, and Paschen-Runge spectrometers, with miniature echelle and CCD array systems most suited to portable LIBS systems. The LIBSCAN 25+ (Applied Photonics Ltd.) uses up to 6 compact CCD array spectrometers covering the 185-900 nm range. Figure 7.53 shows the field-portable LIBSCAN 25-I-. 

Figure 4.1.12. Two types of NIR spectrometers (A) simple prism spectrometer and (B) Czerny-Turner plane grating spectrometer. As the prism or grating rotate, the exit sht isolates a particular wavelength interval.

The advantage of this type of spectrometer when compared to standard concave holographic or Czerny-Turner designs are as follows ... 

The dispersive system The earliest ROA spectrometers were of the scanning type and used Czerny-Turner double monochromators. It took weeks to... 

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