THE BENEFITS OF EXERCISE

As you continue your exercise program, you will begin to notice several changes. Here are the most common. 

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There seems to be considerable reluctance in some parts of the medical community to acknowledge the benefits of exercise in the treatment of depression. One meta-analysis of clinical trials showed that physical exercise was as effective as psychotherapy or antidepressant medication and much better than no treatment. But the authors concluded that the effectiveness of exercise in reducing symptoms of depression cannot be determined ,45 and the editors of the journal introduced the article with an editorial comment entitled effectiveness of exercise in managing depression is not shown by meta-analysis .46 Why not Because there were flaws in the way many of the studies had been designed. To be fair, there were indeed shortcomings in the studies, but these shortcomings also characterize clinical trials of antidepressants.47 If clinical trials like these do not establish the effectiveness of physical exercise as a treatment for depression, neither do they establish the effectiveness of antidepressants. 

I could fill this entire book with a summary of the research showing the benefits of exercise. Here are only a few of the most dramatic results ... 

Coenzyme Q10 (CoQlO) deficiency. This mitochondrial encephalomyopathy has three main clinical presentations. A predominantly myopathic form is characterized by the triad of exercise intolerance, recurrent myoglobinuria, and CNS involvement. A more frequent ataxic form is dominated by ataxia and cerebellar atrophy, variously associated with weakness, developmental delay, seizures, pyramidal signs, and peripheral neuropathy, often simulating spinocerebellar atrophy. A third presentation with fatal infantile encephalomyopathy and renal involvement, has been described in two families. The biochemical defect (or defects) presumably involve different steps in the biosynthesis of CoQlO, but are still unknown, as are the molecular defects. Diagnosis, however, is important because all patients - and especially those with the myopathic and infantile forms - benefit from CoQlO supplementation [13,14]. 

Example Assume you come across the following essay question on a biology exam Compare and contrast aerobic exercise and resistance exercise. What are the benefits of each kind of exercise Give examples of each kind of exercise. 

Tell the benefits of aerobic exercise and resistance exercise... 

Example Write a possible thesis sentence for the following essay question on a biology exam Compare and contrast aerobic exercise and resistance exercise. What are the benefits of each kind of exercise Give examples of each kind of exercise. Remember, you are working on a biology essay exam, so you want to focus on objective, factual statements. You might begin with a thesis statement like this one Both aerobic exercise and resistance exercise benefit the body. 

Functional responsibilities of the various participants in the exercise of validation are issues that must be addressed. This must define the roles of the many participants in validation who need to be aware of and participate fully in order to ensure the successful conclusion of a validation to the benefit of the... 

What if you could put the benefits of tough exercise in a pill and sell it Supplement companies claim to have done just this. Pharmacies, health food stores, and the Internet are flooded with countless products claiming to help the body get rid of fat. So, do they work As with all supplements, that s an ongoing matter of debate. Fat burners and metabolism boosters are labeled "dietary supplements," since the FDA has yet to approve a medicine for this purpose. 

I could cite chapter and verse from the scientific literature to try to make a convincing argument for the health benefits of exercise. Just lifting the many volumes of books and journals would be a lot of exercise in itself. I ll spare you the details, but here are some of the benefits of regular physical activity. 

The best predictor of risk of a myocardial infarction is to have had previous a myocardial infarction. After the measures instituted in the first few hours, the principal objective of treatment therefore becomes prevention of future infarcts. Patients should receive advice about exercise and diet before discharge, and most enter a formal rehabilitation programme after leaving hospital. In particular, patients need to reduce saturated fat intake, and there is increasing evidence of the benefit of increased intake of fish and olive oil. 

With reference to the measurement of artificial and natural radionuclides in environmental samples, activities of the Agency s laboratories in Seibersdorf include the preparation, characterisation, and distribution of reference materials of terrestrial origin, organisation of interlaboratory comparison exercises and proficiency tests, co-ordination of the activities of the ALMERA network, provision of training and expert assistance to scientists from Member States (MS) laboratories, and provision of analytical and radioanalytical support for the benefit of the programmes and projects of the IAEA and its Member States. 

One of the long-term benefits of exercise may be to increase the amount of superoxide dismutase in the cell. The elevated aerobic metabolism during exercise causes more ROS to be generated. In response, the cell synthesizes more protective enzymes. The net effect is one of protection, because the increase in superoxide dismutase more effectively protects the cell during periods of rest. 

Because of the intricacies associated with construction of the erythronolide framework, this group of macrolides served as the yardstick for accomplishment in this area, and as such has attracted considerable.attention. Consequently, we would like to develop, for the benefit of the reader, several other synthetic approaches that have been described (some of which are still under investigation). Although not total syntheses in the strictest sense, all of the efforts presented here have made substantial progress toward the elaboration of the stereochemistry of this complex system. We have by necessity exercised editorial judgment as to which among a number of ongoing efforts have been included in this chapter. Additionally, several other unpublished routes have recently been reviewed. ... 

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