The Age of Empire

Josephine, a Creole from Martinique, employed a different potpourri of smells. She favoured animalics, and was particularly fond of musk oil, to the point that when Napoleon left her for another woman, she smeared the inside walls and curtainings of their house, Malmaison, with the all-pervading tenacious smell as a constant reminder of her. Needless to say, Napoleon was not too enamoured of that Parthian shot, but he still nevertheless kept a place in his heart for Josephine. 

The old warrior carried a necklace with her cameo portrait and a pressed violet, one of her favourite flowers, around with him, and on her death visited her grave to strew it with violets. One of his own dying 

Queen Victoria can be credited with two smell revolutions that hit Britain. The first involved her dress style, which often in casual mode featured a knitted shawl. The shawls she wore were steeped in patchouli, imbuing a rich woody fragrance to the garment. Since half the populace wished to emulate the monarch, patchouli shawls were de rigueur this is one of the first instances of smell being used as a product plus in the marketing of a fashion item. 

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Hardt, Michael and Antonio Negri. Multitude. War and Democracy in the Age of Empire. New York Penguin, 2004. 

Then appeared the time of computers. Quantum chemists developed semi-empirical codes that rapidly evolved into ab-initio complex systems of programs. According to their optimistic or pessimistic views, colleagues have seen this period either as that of semi -quantitative or of semi-qualitative theoretical chemistry. Very recently came the age of super computers, and a generation of quantum chemists have seen their dream come true at last, the quality of the calculation is in harmony with the quality of the concepts. 

The new radiocarbon dating of lava flows has led to the above theoretical metapopulation interpretation of the species on Mauna Loa and Kilauea. Nevertheless, virtually no organized gathering of empirical data have yet been obtained correlating the age of lava flows and the genetic composition of the species found within the newer forests. Nevertheless, I mention now some incidental observations on a few local populations of the species Drosophila silvestris these suggest that further study would be profitable. 

This experimental system will allow us to choose between alternate hypotheses of pheromonal influences on population dynamics, given the appropriate manipulations of demographic parameters on the islands. It is critical that hypotheses concerning the puberty pheromones are based not only on empirical evidence but also on theoretical results pertaining to the age of first reproduction and how this trait interacts with other life-history characters. 

John Pople (1925-2004), British mathematician arxt one of the fouiKleFS of the modern quantum chemistry. His childhood was spent in difficult war time in En and (every day 25 mile train journeys, sometimes urxfer bombing). He came from a lower middle class family (diapers and farmers), but his parents were ambitious for the future of their children. At the age of twelve John developed an intense interest in mathematics. He entered Cambridge University after receiving a special scholarship. John Pople made important contributions to theoretical chemistry, lb cite a few proposing semi-empirical methods — the farmus PPP method for IT electron systems, the once very popular CNDO approach for all valence calculations, arxi finally the rmnumenlal joint work on... 

Diffie, B. W. 8c Winius, G. D. (1977) Foundations of the Portuguese Empire 1415-1580, Europe and the World in the Age of Expansion Series, Volume 1, University of Minnesota Press. 

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