Indium and Thallium

Thallium, and Indium.—Further reactions of lithium salts of carbabo-ranes with hexafluorobenzene (Vol. 1, p. 233) to give 1,4-dicarbaboranyl derivatives, have been described. The lithium salt o-MeCBioHioCLi reacts with chloropentafluorobenzene to give the derivative 4-ClCeF4-CBioHioCMe-o which undergoes chlorine exchange with butyl-lithium in benzene, the 

Bromo(bispentafiuorophenyl)thallium reacts with the sodium or thallium(i) salts of the j8-diketones, (MeCO)gCH2, CFa-CO-CHa-COMe, (CF, CO)3-CH2,PhCOCHj-COMe,and (PhCO)sCH, to form four-co-ordinate dionato complexes, e.g. (C,F5)sTl[(MeCO),CH], and with the sodium salt of 8-hydroxyquinoline to form a dinuclear complex with bridging ligands. Reaction of these with triphenylphosphine oxide and triphenylarsine oxide, and with 2,2 -bipyridyl and phenanthrene, yields a number of five- and six-co-ordinate complexes.  

Hexafluorobenzene reacts photochemically with inethyidichlorosilane to give methyl(pentafluorophenyI)chlorofluorosilane (50%)  

The di- and tri-chloro-compounds were readily hydrolysed to oligomeric siloxanes, but high molecular weight polymers were not readily produced. Products containiirg the CaFs-CHg-GHj-Si-O grouping showed thermal stability comparable with that of 3,3,3-triiluoropropylsilicon polymers. 

Displacement of chlorine by the lithium amide C Fj-NLi (Vol. 1, p. 214, prepared by reaction of pentailuoroaniline with n-butyl-lithium in hexane-THF) from, for example, the siloxane CIMeaSi-O SiMcgCl, has been used to prepare the cyclosilazonanes (234)—(237).  

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Differential pulse polarography is used to determine the concentrations of lead, thallium, and indium in a mixture. ... 

Stannous bis-cyclopentadienyl [26078-96-6] M 248.9. Purified by vacuum sublimation, and stored under dry N2. The related thallium and indium compounds are similarly prepared. 

Ununtrium is located on the periodic chart in group 13 (IIIA) just below thallium and indium. It is expected to have chemical and physical properties similar to these two homo-logues. Since only one or two unstable atoms of the isotopes of ununtrium have been synthesized, its melting point, boiling point, and density are not known. 

Dropping indium and thallium amalgam electrodes [41] were used to determine kinetic parameters of Zn(II) reduction as a function of the amalgam composition. The formal potentials were shifted to more negative values with increasing thallium and indium amalgam concentrations. 

The molecular structure of decabenzylferrocene also helped to explain the rather low solubility of this compound in toluene or benzene, in sharp contrast with the previously found excellent solubility properties of other decabenzylmetallocenes and the pentabenzyl-Cp thallium and indium complexes in these solvents. The steric crowding of the benzyl groups in the ferrocene and their limited mobility leave little space for the solvent arene molecules to interact and subsequently to dissolve the molecule. This is quite similar to the situation encountered in the pentaphenylcyclopenta-dienyl derivatives with their closely packed phenyl rings (see Fig. 3). 

Thallium and indium form +1 and +3 oxidation states when in compounds. Predict the formulas of the possible compounds between thallium and oxygen and between indium and chlorine. Name the compounds. 

A) Dr. Honie Iron-based Sol System and (B) sodium and scandium iodides, sodium, thallium and indium iodides and dysprosium and thallium iodides lamps. Source Reproduced with permission from Honie UV America and the Atlas Electric Devices, Co. 

By this method, which had formerly been employed only for the alkali metals and iron, the magnesium derivative, Mg(C5H6)2, has recently been prepared in the vapor phase. Cyclopentadiene vapor was passed over magnesium powder at 500-600° and under suitable conditions crystals of mp 176° were obtained (4). Thallium and indium reacted similarly with cyclopentadiene vapor at 350°, giving the compounds TlCsHs and InCgH (55). Attempts to develop a more general method of preparation from cyclopentadiene and molten metals met with no success 121). 

Within a period of four years after the work of Bunsen and Kirchhoff, four new elements were discovered cesium, rubidium, thallium, and indium. All four elements are named after the color of their spectral lines. The discoverer of thallium was British physicist Sir William Crookes (1832-1919). 

Grahn, E., Karlsson, S., Karlsson, U. and Duker, A. (2006) Historical pollution of seldom monitored trace elements in Sweden-Part B Sediment analysis of silver, antimony, thallium and indium. J Environ Mon, 8 (7), 732-744. 

Jones EA and Lee AF (1976) The determination of thallium and indium in sulphide concentrates. National institute for metallurgy report no. 2022, p. 33. Randburg, South Africa. 

Table XIII. Stereochemical parameters of thallium and indium complexes ...

A search was now made for metal oxides that can adsorb olefins in the oxidized state and whose oxidation states differ by two units. These include thaUimn, lead, indium, and bismuth. Since the oxides of bismuth and lead are of low thermal stability, attention was focussed on the oxides of thallium and indium. 

At the Harima Works, about 80% of the cadmium present in the raw material is recovered. In fact, about 75% of the cadmium present in the raw material is evaporated during the sintering process and is collected in the sinter dust. The sinter dust is treated with highly acidic process water to extract the cadmium for subsequent recovery in a distillation column. In addition, thallium and indium are extracted and separated fiom the cadmium prior to... 

For determination, external standard method or internal standard method is used. In ICP-MS, an internal standard method is applied [9]. For internal standards, Thallium and Indium are generally utilized for heavy metals. In Table 3, element solutions are listed as internal standard solutions. The objective element is sandwiched by two internal standards as shown in Table 3. Usually, these solutions are purchased as reagents. After ascertaining that these elements are very low in an original sample solution, these internal standard solutions are put into a sample solution concentration of an internal standard should be almost 100 times higher than that of elements in the sample solution. 

This lull in the history of discoveries of new elements was ended by the spectral method developed in 1859-1860 by the German scientists R. Bunsen and G. Kirchhoff. And at once reports appeared about the discovery of new elements, which announced themselves via new spectral lines. Four chemical elements (cesium, rubidium, thallium, and indium) came to light owing to the spectroscopic method. 

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