Tevatron

The highest energy accelerator in existence today, the Tevatron, is at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, located west of Chicago. 

Ths Collidsr Detector at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, home of the Tevatron. (Corbis Corporation)... 

Accurate theoretical prediction of mass spectra and other properties of hadrons containing heavy quarks is important for mass spectra of hadrons for forthcoming experiments on the study of their properties. At present such facilities as Tevatron, LHC and JHF will have the opportunity to produce hadrons with one or more heavy quarks. The successful experiments at the Collider Detector at Fermilab Collaboration on the observation of the Bc meson (Abe et. ah, 1998) gives some hope to observe heavy quarkonia, also. 

At present a considerable amount of data is available for heavy flavored mesons, and it is expected that the experimental observation of heavy flavored hadrons at modern hadron colliders with high luminosity such as Tevatron, LHC and RHIC will further increase our knowledge of this family of hadrons. 

Because of the unusually high sensitivity of a precise experimental value of Op to possible physics beyond the Standard Model, theoretical predictions of the contributions to of these theories are of great interest. In general any new particles or interactions which couple to the muon or to the photon contribute to Op, whose value then provides a sum rule for physics [53]. In comparison with experimental data from the higher energy colliders (LEP II, Tevatron, LHC), an Op value with a precision of 0.35 ppm, as projected for the current BNL experiment, provides a comparable or greater sensitivity to a composite structure... 

The main Tevatron ring has a diameter of more than 0.8 km and a circumference of about 6.4 km. The accelerator uses conventional and superconducting magnets to accelerate particles to high speeds and high energies. 

The earliest of such devices were the linear Cockcroft-Walton accelerator (1929), the circular cyclotron (1930), and the Van de Graaff generator (1931). Modern synchrotrons are large machines that have both tinear and curved sections. The most powerful synchrotron is the Tevatron proton accelerator at the Fermilab located near Batavia, Illinois (just outside of Chicago) it ties inside an underground circular tunnel ttiat measures almost... 

These measurements are for an admixture of bottom particles at high energy (LEP, Tevatron, SppS). 

The branching fraction measurements are for an admixture of B mesons and baryons at energies above the T(4S). Only the highest energy results (LEP, Tevatron, SppS) are used in the branching fraction averages. The production fractions give our best current estimate of the admixture at LEP. 

A.D. Martin, R.G. Roberts, W.J. Stirling, R.S. Thorne, MRST2001 partons and Oj from precise deep inelastic scattering and Tevatron jet data. Eur. Phys. J. C 23, 73 (2002)... 

As will appear in the following (see Chapter 11 for the discoveries of the J/ I and of the T), there is a certain trend in the discovery of new particles. Several, in recent years, were first found at hadronic machines and then their accurate study was carried out at e+e colliders. Thus, soon after the W, the Z was discovered at the CERN pp collider by the UAl and UA2 collaborations. Subsequently, these particles were also studied by CDF at the Tevatron pp collider (Fermilab). More recently, the coming into operation of the new e+e machines, SLC (SLAC) and, most especially, LEP1 (CERN) have given the Z parameters with a precision conceivable only at e e machines (see Chapter 8). 

Historically, hadronic colliders have played a leading role in opening new territory. More precise exploration then follows with e e machines. The latter are considered in Chapter 8. Here, we study some of the major results that emerge from the CERN pp Collider and the FNAL pp Tevatron. The pioneering role of hadronic colliders in discovering the gauge vector mesons was mentioned in Section 4.3 and will be analysed in more detail here. 

As for the Tevatron, in the first run (1987) with proton-antiproton beams colliding at 1.8 TeV, during a five month period, the peak luminosity reached 1.3 x 10 cm s" and about 70 nb of integrated luminosity was delivered to the CDF experiment. In the second run of almost a year (June 1988 to June 1989) the total integrated luminosity was 9.6 pb with a peak luminosity of 2 x 10 cm" s . ... 

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