Tetramethyl--phenylenediamine

When the addition of dimethyl sulfate is complete, stirring is continiied for 1 hour at 20 25 . Ilien the tempera tine is raisi d to fit) 0.5 during 10 minutes (Note 3) and is kept at this value 

To the reaction flask is added 200 ml. of ethanolamine, and it is heated to 140 with stirring. The slurry above is added in moderate portions over a 40- to 50-minute period (Note 7). When the heating bath is maintained at 230-240 , the addition of the slurry should provide an inner temperature at 120-140 as the water and oily product distill. After the addition is complete, the dropping funnel is rinsed with 100-150 ml. of water. As soon as the inner temperature has reached 160 , 50 ml. of ethanolamine is added and the temperature is maintained at 160-170 for 20 minutes. Water (50 ml.) is added through the dropping funnel to initiate a rapid steam distillation. Steam distillation is continued by the addition of 50-ml. portions of water at an inner temperature of 120-140 and a bath temperature of 230-240 until no more oil appears in the distillate (Note 8). 

The oily product solidifies on cooling to about 20 , forming white lumps. After filtration by suction, the lumps are crushed, filtered, and washed four times with 50-ml. portions of ice water. Drying over silica gel in a vacuum gives 62-72 g. (82-88%) of white glistening scales, m.p. 51 . 

At this temperature the excess of dimethyl sulfate is destroyed. 

The apparatus shown in Fig. 1 is suitable for this step. It is essential that the condenser be very effective since the steam distillation is very rapid. If vapor is lost from the top of an 

---

The detection limits for peroxides are about 500 ng or with N,N,N, N -tetramethyl-phenylenediamine reagent 50 ng substance per chromatogram zone [4]. The detectii limits for Insecticides are 5 pg per chromatogram zone in the most unfavorable cases [ ... 

Tetramethyl-/ -phenylenediamine has been obtained in low yield by the reaction of />-phenylenediamine with various alkylating agents such as methyl iodide, methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid at 170-200°, or formaldehyde and formic acid. In addition it has been prepared by methylating / -dimethyl-aminoaniline using methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid at 170 -200°, followed by treatment of the resulting salts with aqueous ammonia at 180 190°. In the most recent >ro-cedure, / -phenyIenediamine was alkylated with sodium chloro-... 

This reaction is similar to the one used by Alivisatos, except that (MesSOsE was replaced by (Na/K)3E. Precursors that already have a M-E (M = Ga, In E = N, P, As) bond can be pyrolyzed to produce ME at relatively low temperatures. The use of N,N,N, N -tetramethyl-/>-phenylenediamine (TMPD), in comparison to TOP and TOPO, as a capping/stabilizing agent for InP quantum dots has resulted in superior charge transfer properties [63]. 

A study of the photoionization of tetramethyl-/ -phenylenediamine (TMPD) in solution [49] showed the dependence of the wavelength of ionization onset on the energy Fq of the sol-... 

Quantofix Peroxid Peroxidase-catalyzed oxidation of V,lV,lV, lV -tetramethyl-/>-phenylenediamine (89) best at pH 5-7. The reagents are pasted at the tip of a stick that is dipped into the test sample and after 15 s the developed color is compared with a printed scale272. c... 

Donors. Common selenium and sulfur-containing donors such as tetrathiafulvalene [31366-25-3]> tetramethyltetraselenafiilvalene [55259-19-9] and bis-(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene [66946-17-3] are commercially available, as are other common donors such as tetramethyl-/)-phenylenediamine [100-22-1]. TeUurium-containing donors can be prepared using a variety of synthetic routes. Tetratellurafiilvalene, for example, is prepared in good yield using tin—lithium exchange (22) (Fig. 5). 

Tetramethyldiaminobenzene (Tetramethyl-phenylenediamine). See under "Diaminotetra-methylbenzene and Derivatives in Vol 5, D1144-L... 

Laser flash photolysis of [CpM(CO>3]2 (M = W, Mb, and Cr) provides a convenient source of CpM(CO)3, an organometallic free radical with 17 valence electrons. It is a transient and highly reactive species. Depending on the circumstances and the other reagents present, the radical will dimerize, undergo halogen and hydrogen atom abstraction reactions, and electron transfer reactions. With tetramethyl-phenylenediamine, there is a cyclic process of electron transfer steps, the net result of which is the catalyzed disproportionation of the metal radical. 

Although reducing conditions are readily achieved in methanol radiolysis, it is also possible to observe one-electron oxidation. For example, pulse radiolysis of N2O-saturated solutions of A,A,7/, A -tetramethyl- -phenylenediamine (TMPD) or 1 results in the formation of TMPD + and I2, respectively. The oxidant was assigned as the methoxy radical CHbO, whose half-life in pure methanol was estimated to be 106 ns [13]. 

Diaminotetramethylbenzene, Tetrameth/I-diomt no benzene or T etr am ethyl phenyl ene-diomine (called Tetramethyl-phenylenediamine in Ft and Tetramethyl-phenylendiamin in Ger), q5H4[N(CH3)2]2 mw 164.24, N 17,06%. 

Voltammetric measurements in supercritical CO, have been made by using water-in-CO, microemulsions to ensure adequate conductivity in the fluid phase. This allowed well-defined voltammograms for the redox reactions of ferrocene and tetramethyl-/ -phenylenediamine to be obtained [112]. 

T. Urbanski, Krasiejko and PoAiduikiewicz [113] suggested using A tetramethyl- -phenylenediamine to detect nitrate esters a magenta colour makes the detection easy. 

NickelO).—Ultraviolet exposure of the nickel (ii) complex of NiVN N -tetramethyl-phenylenediamine produces a new nickel(i) species ( n = 2.37, = 2.128). ° The... 

Ascorbic acid will reduce cytochrome c, via the dye tetramethyl-/>-phenylenediamine (TMPD) hence it misses out on the first two phosphorylation sites and therefore has a P 0 ratio of unity. 

TMPD = Ai,iV,iV, Af -tetramethyl-/ -phenylenediamine PTZ = phenothiazine POZ = phenoxazine TRP = tropylium cmt = cir-l,2-dicarbomethoxyethylenedithiolato DDDT = 5,6-dihydro-l,4-dithiin-2,3-dithiolato. 

---