Tetra ammonium nitrate

The constancy of the second-order rate coefficients (k2) in the presence of tetra-alkyl-ammonium nitrates (Table 26) indicates the validity of the assumptions. 

Higher phytoextraction coefficients indicate higher metal uptake. The effectiveness of phytoextraction can be limited by the sorption of metals to soil particles and the low solubility of the metals however, metals can be solubilized through the addition of acids or chelating agents and so allow uptake of the contaminant by the plant. Ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA), citric acid, and ammonium nitrate have been reported to help in the solubilization of lead, uranium, and cesium... 

The use of cerium(IV) salts as catalytic oxidation mediator is restricted by their insolubility in non-aqueous media. Cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate (CAN) may be used in organic solvents upon the addition of quaternary ammonium salts, but cerium(IV) sulphate is not transferred under analogous conditions. Bis(tetra-/t-butyl-ammonium) hexanitratocerate(IV) is obtained in a solid form by metathesis of CAN... 

Pertechnetate in neutral and alkaline media can be extracted into solutions of tetra-alkylammonium iodides in benzene or chloroform. With tetra-n-heptylammo-nium iodide (7.5 x 10 M) in benzene distribution coefficients up to 18 can be obtained . A solution of fV-benzoyl-iV-phenylhydroxylamine (10 M) in chloroform can be used to extract pertechnetate from perchloric acid solution with a distribution coefficient of more than 200, if the concentration of HCIO is higher than 6 M The distribution of TcO between solutions of trilauryl-ammonium nitrate in o-xylene and aqueous solutions of nitrate has been measured. In 1 M (H, Li) NOj and 0.015 M trilaurylammonium nitrate the overall equilibrium constant has been found to be log K = 2.20 at 25 °C. The experiments support an ion exchange reaction . Pertechnetate can also be extracted with rhodamine-B hydrochloride into organic solvents. The extraction coefficient of Tc (VII) between nitrobenzene containing 0.005 %of rhodamine-B hydrochloride and aqueous alcoholic " Tc solution containing 0.0025 % of the hydrochloride, amounts to more than 5x10 at pH 4.7 . 

The trichloromethyl group can be reduced to either the dichloro- or the monochloromethyl group by proper choice of the SSE 49 s With ammonium nitrate the dichloro compounds are formed in 64—94% yield, while with tetra-metliylammonium chloride as supporting electrolyte the monochloro derivatives are obtained in 63 to 95% yield. As trichloromethyl compounds are readily available by telomerization of olefins with CC14) this reduction opens a simple route to a, co-bifunctional aliphatic compounds. 

Ac, acetyl AIBN, azobis(isobutanonitrile) All, allyl AR, aryl Bn, benzyl f-BOC, ferf-butoxycarbonyl Bu, Butyl Bz, benzoyl CAN, ceric ammonium nitrate Cbz, benzyloxycarbonyl m-CPBA, m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid DAST, diethylaminosulfur trifluoride DBU, l,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene DCC, /V. /V - d i eye I oh e x y I c ar bo -diimide DCM, dichloromethyl DCMME, dichloromethyl methyl ether DDQ, 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-l,4-benzoquinone DEAD, diethyl azodicarboxylate l-(+)-DET, L-(+)-diethyl tartrate l-DIPT, L-diisopropyl tartrate d-DIPT, D-diisopropyl tartrate DMAP, 4-dimethylaminopyridine DME, 1,2-dimethoxyethane DMF, /V./V-dimethylformamide DMP, 2,2-dimethoxypropane Et, ethyl Im, imidazole KHMDS, potassium hexamethyldisilazane Me, methyl Me2SO, dimethyl sulfoxide MOM, methoxymethyl MOMC1, methoxymethyl chloride Ms, methylsulfonyl MS, molecular sieves NBS, N-bromosuccinimide NIS, /V-iodosuccinimide NMO, /V-methylmorpho-line N-oxide PCC, pyridinium chlorochromate Ph, phenyl PMB, / -methoxvbenzyl PPTs, pyridiniump-toluenesulfonate i-Pr, isopropyl Py, pyridine rt, room temperature TBAF, tetrabutylammonium fluoride TBS, ferf-butyl dimethylsilyl TBDMSC1, f-butylchlorodimethylsilane Tf, trifhioromethylsulfonyl Tf20, trifluoromethylsulfonic anhydride TFA, trifluoroacetic acid THF, tetrahydrofuran TMS, trimethylsilyl TPAP, tetra-n-propylammonium perruthenate / -TsOH. / -toluenesulfonic acid... 

Oxidation of the nickel carbonyl-cyclooctyne complex (3) with ceric ammonium nitrate (I, 120 121 2. 63-65 3, 44-45 this volume) followed by addition of tetra-phenylcyclopentadienone (I, 1149 1150) affords (4) as a minor product. The major product is the trimcric cyclooctyne (5). 

Cerium is a member of the lanthanides in the Periodic Table and adopts tetra- and tripositive states in its electronic configuration. Among cerium reagents, ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) is most widely used in organic synthesis. It is well known to convert phenol derivatives to quinones in high yields under mild conditions. An excellent review on cerium(IV) oxidation of organic compounds is available, and only a few examples will be described herein. 

In some instances tetra-alkylammonium ions possess some specific properties. Thus in the solutions of cyclo-octatetraene no reduction waves were observed in the presence of ammonium nitrate or sodium hydroxide, but well developed waves were obtained at —1-5 V in the presence of tetramethylammonium ions. 

ILs— tetraethyl and tetrabutyl ammonium nitrate— were used as additives for protein refolding. Pure liquid tetra-alkyl ammonium nitrates were utilized to denature the protein. EAN is a colorless to slightly yellow-colored IL having no characteristic odor and works as an amphoteric solvent. EAN is a liquid electrolyte at room temperamre and involves dissociable protons thus, it is also called as protic IL [79-82], which can be used as medium electrolytes for fuel cells [83] and polymer membrane separators [84]. The properties and apphcations of EAN were recently reviewed in the literature [85], EAN is miscible with water to form mixtures at aity composition, and both the component ions favorably form hydrogen bonds with water [86]. 

Babu P, Datta S, Kumar R, Linga P (2014) Impact of experimental pressure and temperature on semiclathrate hydrate formation for pre-combustion capture of CO2 using tetra-n-butyl ammonium nitrate. Energy 78 458 64... 

TaUe 21.20 The distribution ratio D for tetra- and hexavalent plutonium between various organic solvents and an aqueous solution, containing 1 m nitric acid and 10 M ammonium nitrate, if not otherwise stated [176]. 

A. Sussman, Ionic Equilibrium and Ionic Conductance in the System Tetra-iso-pentyl Ammonium Nitrate p-Azoxyanisole, Mol. Cryst. and Liq. Cryst., Vol. 14, p. 182 (1971). 

Fig. 1—Equivalent conductance of tetra-/so-pentyl ammonium nitrate in isotropic p-azoxyanisole at 152°C, (solid line). The equilibrium constant for ion-pair formation Is 2 X 10 m/l. The data is bracketed between calculated values of Eq. [4] for two values of the dielectric constant. The variation of the equivalent conductance with dielectric constant is found in Eq. [8]. (Ref. [3])...

Fig. 3 —Current as a function of the reciprocal temperature in the system tetra-/so-pentyl ammonium nitrate/p-azoxyanisole. Note how the activation energy in the nematic range decreases with increasing solute concentration. Compare this variation with the Influence of the orientation (Fig. 2). (Ref. [3])...

Variation of the conductance with temperature, both in the tetra-i 50-pentyl ammonium nitrate/p-azoxyanisole and tetra-iso-pentyl ammonium phenyl borate/MBBA systems, depends almost entirely on the fluidity, since ionic equilibrium contributes only a small factor over the ranges of the studies. Because this may not always be the case, the variation of the equilibrium constant with temperature will be considered. 

Verevkin SP, Emel yanko VN, Krossing I, Kalb R (2012) Thermochemistry of ammonium based ionic liquids tetra-alkyl ammonium nitrates - experiments and computations. J Chem Thermodyn 51 107-113... 

It was found that chlorides, chlorates, and nitrates interfere by forming in sol ppts (Ref 6). Later it was found that w sol perchlorates could be analyzed gravimetrically by pptn of the perchlorate ion as tetraphenylarsonium perchlorate (Ksp at 20° = 2.60 0.14 x 10"9). The ppt can be (Tried at 105° and weighed directly (Ref 16). Still more recently a specific perchlorate ion electrode has been developed (Ref 17) which can be used for the potentiometric titration of the perchlorate ion using a soln of tetraphenylarsonium chloride as the titrant (Ref 15). Tetra-phenylphosphonium chloride has been similarly used, but the corresponding Sb compd is too insol in w for practical use (Ref 8), For routine assay of perchlorates for use by the armed forces, a Na carbonate fusion procedure is described in Mil Specs MlL-A-23946 (19 Aug 1964) MIL-A-23948 (19 Aug 1964) (see also under Ammonium Perchlorate). The tetraphenylarsonium chloride procedure has also been proposed for use in Mil Specs (Ref 11)... 

Consequently, an ISE for nitrate for example, a strongly hydrophilic ion, must have a strongly hydrophobic ion-exchanger ion. This conclusion has been demonstrated experimentally for a series of NO3 ISEs based on tetra-alkyl-ammonium salts with long alkyl chains [161] (see fig. 7.2). It was found that, in the studied series of substances, the tetradodecylammonium ion which is... 

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