Testing the Outcome

Documentation concerns basically two areas (1) specification documents — produced during software development process — covering for the internal design of software for the purpose of future maintenance and enhancement (2) documentation addressing the application of the software, such as user guides, reference manuals, training documentation, and release notes. 

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During 1990 and 1991 the proceedings of the CEC-sponsored meeting were edited and published (Van der Schaaf, Lucas, and Hale, 1991). Also a survey amongst Dutch companies was held, both to test the outcomes of the workshop in relation to safety managers experiences and to assess the state of the art in near miss reporting in the Netherlands (see Chapter ),... 

However, even though the effect of multiple testing has been dramatically reduced by the areawise test, the outcome is still of a mere statistical nature. As for any statistical result, it is up to the researcher to provide a reasonable interpretation. A wavelet analysis in principle can barely be the end of a study but rather the starting point for a deeper physical understanding. 

Statistical considerations make it possible to test the assumption of independent additions. Let us approach this topic by considering an easier problem coin tossing. Under conditions where two events are purely random-as in tossing a fair coin-the probability of a specific sequence of outcomes is given by the product of the probabilities of the individual events. The probability of tossing a head followed by a head-indicated HH-is given by... 

Interpreta.tlon, Whereas statistical tests estabhsh whether results are or are not different from (over) an exposure criteria, the generaUty of this outcome must be judged. What did the samples represent May the outcome, which is inferred to cover both sampled and unsampled periods, be legitimately extrapolated into the future In other words, is the usual assumption of a stationary mean vaUd AH of these questions are answered by judgment and experience appHed to the observations made at the time of sampling, and the answers are used to interpret the quantitative results. 

In unsupervised learning, the outcome is usually a hypothesis to then be tested, often usiag classification or prediction methods. If the unsupervised learning process suggests the presence of distinct clusters, the hypothesis can be tested by applyiag a classification method to the data. A low number of misclassified samples would tend to reinforce the hypothesis. 

Equation-of-state measurements add to the scientific database, and contribute toward an understanding of the dynamic phenomena which control the outcome of shock events. Computer calculations simulating shock events are extremely important because many events of interest cannot be subjected to test in the laboratory. Computer solutions are based largely on equation-of-state models obtained from shock-wave experiments which can be done in the laboratory. Thus, one of the main practical purposes of prompt instrumentation is to provide experimental information for the construction of accurate equation-of-state models for computer calculations. 

Perform sensitivity and uncertainty analysis. Calculation of life-cycle costs and net benefits assumes that cash-flow profiles and the value of MARR are reasonably accurate. In most cases, uncertain assumptions and estimates are made in developing cash flow profile forecasts. Sensitivity analysis can be performed by testing how the outcome changes as the assumptions and input values change. 

Penpenultiraale and higher order remote unit effect models may also affect the outcome of copolymerizations. However, in most eases, experimental data, that are not sufficiently powerful to test the penultimate model, offer little hope of testing higher order models. The importance of remote unit effects on copolymerization will only be fully resolved when more powerful analytical techniques become available. 

Predict the outcome of neutralization reactions and write their chemical equations (Self-Test J.2). 

If Ho holds for question 1, all authors agree that a f-test can be performed. If Hi is true, opinions diverge as to the propriety of such a f-test. In practice, a f-test will be performed If the outcome is clear, that is f is much different from tc, fhe differences between the models are negligible if f is close to tc, more tests should be performed to tighten the confidence limits, or judgment should be suspended until other evidence becomes available. 

Many tests have been devised to provide quantitative measures of behavioral disturbances caused by neurotoxic chemicals. Tests have been devised that assess the effects of chemicals on four behavioral functions (D Mello 1992). These are sensory, cognitive, motor, and affective functions. However, because the entire nervous system tends to work in an integrated way, these functions are not easily separable from one another. For example, the outcome of tests focused on sensory perception by rats may be influenced by effects of the test chemical on motor function. 

Assessing risks under fixed policies. Most project management packages allow for testing the effect on project outcomes of random variations in a range of basic properties of tasks. The simulation approaches discussed in Section 11.7 can extend this approach. 

A classification decision tree allows one to predict in a sequential way the y value (or corresponding conditional probabilities) that is associated with a particular x vector of values. At the top node of the tree (A in Fig. 3), a first test is performed, based on the value assumed by a particular decision variable (jCj). Depending on the outcome of this test, vector X is sent to one of the branches emanating from node A. A second test follows, being carried out at another node (B), and over the values of the same or a different decision variable (e.g., JCg). This procedure is... 

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