Testing Temperature Range

Closed symbols in Fig. 1 show the effect of reaction temperature on ammonia oxidation over CuO by heating with a conventional electric furnace. The reaction started at about 400 K and the conversion of NH3 became 1 at temperatures higher than 500 K. Fig. 1 also indicates that selectivity to N2 was high at low temperatures but it decreased as the temperature increased. Both N2O and NO increased instead of N2, except at 623 K, at which N2O decreases. NO was detected above 583 K, and it monotonously increased by the temperature. High reaction temperature seems to tend deeper oxidation to NOx. Considering that oxidation of N2 to N2O and NO is difficult in the tested temperature range. 

Screw the empty top section of the test cylinder onto the bottom section containing fuel. Place the unit into the test well and leave it undisturbed for two hours. The section of the test cylinder containing the fuel should sit on the bottom of the test well. The temperature of the test well can be adjusted to match the lowest ambient temperature conditions of a specific geographical region. Typically, the test temperatures range from —20°F to —40°F (—28.9°C to —40.0°C). 

Viscosity and viscosity index. The viscosity should be such as to prevent excessive loss and sufficiently high to withstand squeezing out within operating and test temperature ranges. 

Buffer solution Molarity (M) Method of sterilization Solvent additives Tested pH range Tested temperature range (°C) Controlled maximum treatment times (hr) Remarks... 

As can be seen in Figure 1, the CH4 conversions percentage at different reaction temperatures were in the order of Ni/SA>Ni/Si02>Ni.NPs. For Ni/SA there was a linear increase in CH4 conversion with increase in reaction temperature. Similarly CH4 conversion over Ni/Si02 increased until TSO C however with further increase in reaction temperature CH4 conversion decreased, whereas for Ni.NPs with increase in reaction temperature there was a slight increase in CH4 conversion in temperature range between 700-750 C and remained almost constant in rest of the tested temperature ranges. 

The DMA is conducted on a dynamic mechanical analyzer model TA Instmmen-tation (DMA 2980). It is performed using a single cantilever at a frequency of 1 Hz. The sample was cut into a 25 mm x 12.5 mm x 3 mm specimens. The testing temperature ranged from 25°C to 150°C with a heating rate of 5°C /min. 

The various K33 coefficients were calculated using equation (14) and reported in table 3. It was found that K33 seems to decrease with increasing temperature for both PLZT (9.5/65/35) and (9/65/35). This is due to the ferroelectric to relaxor phase change occurring around the tested temperature range. 

The impact tests have been performed by using a pendulum impact machine on samples without a notch according to GOST 4746-80, type II, within the testing temperatures range r=213-333 K. Pendulum impact machine was equipped with a piezoelectric load sensor, that allows to determine elasticity modulus E and yield stress Gy in impact tests according to the techniques [8] and [9], respectively. 

Tensile tests on GTXs at low and elevated temperatures are not standardized. The wide-width tensile tests can be performed in an environmental chamber. The environmental chamber must be capable for a temperature control to an accuracy of 2°C of the indicated test temperature. The temperature must be controlled and recorded. The air temperature inside the chamber should be measured on the level of specimen being tested. The environmental chamber must have a size sufficient to perform the tensile tests with the appropriate clamps. The test temperature range of the environmental chamber should be at least between 60°C and +80°C. 

Test prefix T e of fuel tested Burnup (MWd/kg) Number of tests Temperature range (K) Test atmosphere ... 

The adsorption isotherms of methane, ethane, and propane as predicted by the model developed in this work are reported in ref [148]. In the tested temperature range T = 275K-350K the model reproduces the experimental isotherms very well. 

This effect is attributed to the increased microenvironmental polarity around the sensitizer chro-mophore that stabilizes the exciplex or contact ion pair in nonpolar solvents. As a result of this effect, the stereochemical interaction between the sensitizer and the substrate is more intimate. Because significant enantioselectivities were only observed for dimer 44, an independent cyclodimerization pathway to 44 via an exciplex or contact ion pair of cyclohexadiene and the chiral sensitizer was suggested. Dimer 45 gave much lower ee values even at low temperatures, but the product chirality was inverted within the tested temperature range in favor of enantiomer ent-A5. Similar temperature switching of product chirality has been reported in the enantiodifferentiating photoisomerization of cycloalkenes and in the polar addition of alcohols to 1,1-diphenylalkenes. This effect has been rationalized by a non-zero differential activation entropy of the same sign as the differential activation enthalpy. 

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