Tesla structures

Relying on the knowledge of flow pattern generated by the Coanda effect inplane micro valves and micro pumps, it was envisaged to transfer this technique to a micro-mixer device [55], In the latter case, using a Tesla structure (see [163] for geometric details), the flow is redirected and collision of streams occurs. 

Mixer 87 [M 87] Coanda-effect Micro Mixer with Tesla Structures... 

The Tesla structure is repeated many times in a row so that a sequential mixing is achieved [55,163],... 

Mixer type Coanda-effect micro mixer with Tesla structures Angle of turn for the main passage 90°... 

Mixer material PDMS cycloolefm copolymer (COC) Length of the passage with combined streams before next Tesla structure 175 pm... 

M 87] [P 77] Simulations show that, as intended, transverse dispersion is achieved at the Coanda structure and mixing is completed after passing four Tesla structures (see Figure 1.183 and 1.184) [163],... 

A novel in-plane passive microfluidic mixer with modified Tesla structures,... 

Hong, C.C., Choi, J.W., Ahn, C.H., A novel in-plane passive microfluidic mixer with modified Tesla structures. Labchip 2004, 4, 109-113. 

Another interesting planar structure able to induce chaotic advection has been reported by Hong et al. [126] (Fig. lid). This micromixer comprised a modified tesla structure that redirected the streams, by exploiting the Coanda effect. The authors demonstrated an efficient mixing at relative low Re number Re < 10). 

One of the promising designs is the modified Tesla structures [46]. It uses the Coanda effect to split part of the fluid stream and direct it so that it recombines with the opposing flow of the other part of the stream. Coanda effect micromixer relies on the redirection of a flow by a special guiding structure that creates new interfaces within the flow [47]. This special passive structure provides good mixing at low flow rates. In this way the Coanda mixer can also be seen as a special realization of the SAR approach using recycle flows [32]. 

The location of the position of double bonds in alkenes or similar compounds is a difficult process when only very small amounts of sample are available [712,713]. Hass spectrometry is often unsuited for this purpose unless the position of the double bond is fixed by derivatization. Oxidation of the double bond to either an ozonide or cis-diol, or formation of a methoxy or epoxide derivative, can be carried out on micrograms to nanograms of sample [713-716]. Single peaks can be trapped in a cooled section of a capillary tube and derivatized within the trap for reinjection. Ozonolysis is simple to carry out and occurs sufficiently rapidly that reaction temperatures of -70 C are common [436,705,707,713-717]. Several micro-ozonolysis. apparatuses are commercially available or can be readily assembled in the laboratory using standard equipment and a Tesla coil (vacuum tester) to generate the ozone. Reaction yields of ozonolysis products are typically 70 to 95t, although structures such as... 

Assume there exists some hypothetical metal that exhibits ferromagnetic behavior and that has a simple cubic structure, an atomic radius of 0.153 nm, and a saturation flux density of 0.76 tesla. Determine the number of Bohr magnetons per atom for this material. 

Commercially available instruments include electromagnets of 2.114 and 2.35 Tesla (1 Tesla = 10 kilogauss). For these fields, the range of Larmor frequencies for nuclei of interest in organic structure analysis can be obtained from Fig. 2.35, e.g. ... 

NMR analyses were done on an IBM Instruments NR-300 spectrometer and an Oxford 7 Tesla superconducting narrow-bore magnet. Silicon-29 (Si-29) NMR spectra were recorded at 59.6 MHz and hydrogen (also commonly called proton or H-l) NMR spectra at 300.13 MHz. Spectra were recorded using conventional single-pulse techniques with proton decoupling for Si-29 acquisitions. Si-29 experiments were structured so as to suppress nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE). For Si-29 acquisitions, spectral widths were 50 kHz and Fourier transform (FT) sizes were 4K points. For protons, spectral widths were 7.5 kHz and FT sizes were 16K points. Si-29 rf pulse widths were approximately 12 fits and proton rf pulse widths were 8 jj.s. 

---