Tert-, name prefix

Alkyl peroxyesters are commonly named like their nonperoxidic counterparts, except for incorporation of the peroxy- prefix. Trivial names are also commonly used, eg, tert-huty peracetate. Alkyl peroxyesters derived from di- and polybasic peroxyacids use 00- or O- when required to locate groups, eg, 00-tert-huty 0-isopropyl monoperoxycarbonate and 00-tert-huty 0-hydrogen monoperoxymaleate. Descriptions of alkyl peroxyesters have been given in the chemical hterature (1,4—6,19,20,44,168,213). 

One further word about naming alkyl groups the prefixes sec- (for secondary) and tert- (for tertiary) used for the C4 alkyl groups in Figure 3.3 refer to the number of other carbon atoms attached to the branching carbon atom. There are four possibilities primary (1°), secondary (2°), tertiary (3°), and quaternary (4°). 

When writing an alkane name, the nonhyphenated prefix iso- is considered part of the alkyl-group name for alphabetizing purposes, but the hyphenated and italicized prefixes sec- and tert- are not. Thus, isopropyl and isobutyl are listed alphabetically under i, but sec-butyl and ferf-butyl are listed under b. 

When constructing a name, detachable prefixes are cited in front of the name of the parent hydride in alphabetical order. The names are alphabetised by considering the first letter of each name m in methyl, b in butyl, d in 1,2-dimethylpropyl. In retained names, the first non-italicised letter is considered i in isobutyl, n in neopentyl, but b in tert-huiy. ... 

The prefixes sec- and tert- before the name of the group indicate that the H was removed from a secondary or tertiary C, respectively. A secondary C has bonds to two other C s, a tertiary to three other C s, and a primary either to three H s or to two H s and one C. 

Assign the name and position number to each substituent. Arrange the substituents in alphabetical order. Hyphenated prefixes, such as tert- and sec-, are not used in alphabetization of the substituents. 

Step 5. Place the position numbers and names of the substituent groups, in alphabetical order, before the root name. In alphabetizing, ignore prefixes like sec-, tert-, di, tri, etc., but include iso and cyclo. Always include a position number for each substituent, regardless of redundancies. 

The prefix tert is found in ferf-butyl and ferf-pentyl because each of these substituent names describes only one alkyl group. The name ferf-hexyl cannot be used because it describes two different alkyl groups. (In older literature, you might find amyl used instead of pentyl to designate a five-carbon alkyl group.)... 

The following prefixes and interpolations are not treated as part of the name ortho- (o-), meta- (m-), para- (p-), alpha- (a), beta- (p), gamma- (y) etc. primary- (prim-), secondary- (sec-), tertiary- (tert-), cis-, trans-, dextro- (d-), levo- (I-), normal (n-), N- (- bond to nitrogen atom). 

The common names isopropyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, and tert-butyl are approved by the lUPAC for the unsubstituted groups, and they are still very frequently used. You should learn these groups so well that you can recognize them any way they are written. In deciding on alphabetical order for these groups you should disregard structure-defining prefixes that are written in italics and separated from the name by a hyphen. Thus ferf-butyl precedes ethyl, but ethyl precedes isobutyl. ... 

The prefixes dir, trir, tetror, and so on are not included in alphabetizing. Neither are the hyphenated prefixes sec- and tert-. Iso, as in isopropyl, is included in alphabetizing. Alphabetize the names of the substituents first, and then insert the prefix. In the following example, the alphabetizing parts are ethyl and methyl, not ethyl and dimethyl ... 

To name a metal alkoxide, name the cation first, followed by the name of the anion. The name of an alkoxide ion is derived from a prefix showing the number of carbon atoms and their arrangement (metfh, eth-, isoprop-, tert-but-, and so on) followed by the suffix -oxide. 

To see what the prefixes sec- and tert- mean, we must introduce new and important terminology (Fig. 2.34). A primary carbon is a carbon that is attached to only one other carbon atom. A secondary carbon is a carbon attached to two other carbons, and a tertiary carbon is a carbon attached to three other carbons. A quaternary not quarternary) carbon (not shown in Figure 2.34, but we ll see one in a moment) is a carbon that is attached to four other carbons. Thus, the names rcc-butyl and tert-butyl tell you something about the structure. 

If two or more substituents are the same, the prefixes di, tri, and tetra are used to indicate how many identical substituents the compound has. The numbers indicating the locations of the identical substituents are listed together, separated by commas. There are no spaces on either side of a comma. There must be as many numbers in a name as there are substituents. The prefixes di, tri, tetra, " sec, and "tert are ignored in alphabetizing substituents. 

One further comment about naming alkyl groups the prefixes sec- (for secondary) and tert- (for tertiary) used for the C4 alkyl groups in Figure 3.3 refer to... 

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