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Ternary systems comparisons

Beid, 1954). In these ternary systems the formation of proton addition complexes also takes place, as is shown by a comparison with the electron excitation spectra of aromatic substances in concentrated acids. Detailed investigations by Dallinga et cU. (1958c) showed that in... [Pg.225]

In comparison with the qualitative description of diffusion in a binary system as embodied by Eqs. (11), (12) or (14), the thermodynamic factors are now represented by the quantities a, b, c, and d and the dynamic factors by the phenomenological coefficients which are complex functions of the binary frictional coefficients. Experimental measurements of Dy in a ternary system, made on the basis of the knowledge of the concentration gradients of each component and by use of Eqs. (21) and (22), have been reviewed 35). Another method, which has been used recently36), requires the evaluation of py from thermodynamic measurements such as osmotic pressure and evaluation of all fy from diffusion measurements and substitution of these terms into Eqs. (23)—(26). [Pg.120]

It is sometimes argued that the reverse micelle terminology is an inappropriate comparison to aqueous micelles. Since water can be solubilized by these micelles, causing an increase in n, the reverse micelle model and vocabulary do seem useful for ternary systems. [Pg.386]

Several alkali metal (M) derived ate complexes have been prepared (Table 8). Again, the formation of such ternary systems is preferred. Even Sm(II) derivatives were readily available [89], A common feature of the observed molecular structures are close inter- and intramolecular M - C as well as close Ln-- Si van der Waals contacts which ensure steric saturation of the metal centers. Depending on the size of the alkali metal, different types of solid state structures are generated (Fig. 15). A comparison to the ammonia derived species in Sect. 2.1 can be drawn. [Pg.62]

A ternary system with a hyperbola-type PSPS is used to investigate the influence of membrane permeation (Fig. 4.32). The applied parameters (ct,A and Kg) and the corresponding eigenvalues of the matrix [A] are summarized in Tab. 4.3. For comparison, again the PSPS for the reactive distillation process is given in Fig. 4.32(a). The effect of a selective membrane with a diagonal [/e]-matrix is illustrated in Fig. 4.32(b, d). [Pg.140]

Equation 11.32 is used to model a single-phase liquid in a ternary system, as well as a ternary substitutional-solid solution formed by the addition of a soluble third component to a binary solid solution. The solubility of a third component might be predicted, for example, if there is mutual solid solubility in all three binary subsets (AB, BC, AC). Note that Eq. 11.32 does not contain ternary interaction terms, which ate usually small in comparison to binary terms. When this assumption cannot, or should not, be made, ternary interaction terms of the form xaXbXcLabc where Labc is an excess ternary interaction parameter, can be included. There has been httle evidence for the need of terms of any higher-order. Phase equilibria calculations are normally based on the assessment of only binary and ternary terms. [Pg.488]

Table HI shows the values for the kinetic and statistical parameters obtained by analyzing the data for all ternary systems according to the phenomenological model of Hall [5]. A comparison of the values of the various parameters (cf. Table II and Table III) obtained from analyses employing these two models show, generally, that larger values are obtained with the Hall model however, the trends in the derived parameters are similar. The values of the rate constants for the alcohol exchange process in the Hall model were obtained by extrapolating C —> 0 to avoid any concentration dependence of k. Using the extrapolated value of k, it was shown [5] that kj is given by... Table HI shows the values for the kinetic and statistical parameters obtained by analyzing the data for all ternary systems according to the phenomenological model of Hall [5]. A comparison of the values of the various parameters (cf. Table II and Table III) obtained from analyses employing these two models show, generally, that larger values are obtained with the Hall model however, the trends in the derived parameters are similar. The values of the rate constants for the alcohol exchange process in the Hall model were obtained by extrapolating C —> 0 to avoid any concentration dependence of k. Using the extrapolated value of k, it was shown [5] that kj is given by...
Holmqvist, P. Alexandridis, P. Lindman, B. Phase behavior and structure of ternary amphiphilic block copolymer-alkanol-water systems comparison of poly(ethylene oxide) poly(propylene oxide) to poly(ethylene oxide) poly(tetrahydro-furan) copolymers. Langmuir 1997, 13 (9), 2471-2479. [Pg.1597]

The phase diagram of such a system has four planes. The plane pc(A) is the vertical projection of the plane of primary crystallization of the compound A, plane pc(B) represents the plane of primary crystallization of the component B, and the plane pc(C) refers to the primary crystallization of compound C. Finally, the plane pc(AB) is the projection of the plane of primary crystallization of compound AB. In the case of the congruently melting compound AB its figurative point lies inside the plane of the primary crystallization of this compound. In comparison with the simple eutectic ternary system a new boundary line, Ctj - Ct2, which represents the common crystallization of compounds C and AB, will arise. The joint AB-C divides the ternary system A-B-C into two simple... [Pg.172]

The optimum pH for formation of a ternary compound Fe(III)-ECR-CTA, suitable for Fe determinations, is 4.5 0.5. Maximal and stable absorbances (at 610 nm) are obtained when suitable (sufficiently large) concentrations of chromogenic reagent and cationic surfactant (see Procedure) are present in the sample solutions. In the ternary system a large bathochromic shift and hyperchromic effect are observed in comparison with the binary system (without CTA). [Pg.231]


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Ternary systems

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