Electron excitation spectra

In electron excited spectra, Auger electrons are seen as small peaks on an intense background of secondary electrons originating from the primary beam. 

D. The Electron Excitation Spectra of Proton Addition Complexes. 222... 

An interaction of the type (a) can be proved both by means of electron excitation spectra (Perkampus and Kortum, 1965) as well as by I.R. spectra (Luther et al., 1958 Perkampus and Hoffmann, 1965). The addition of a Lewis acid to a 0=0 double bond, as in example (b), permits a clear effect on the 0=0 valency vibration in the I.R. spectrum to be observed as a consequence of the demands of the Lewis acid on the 0=0 double bond (Terenin et al., 1958 Perkampus and Baumgarten, 1964d). 

Compared to the N.M.R. spectra of proton addition complexes discussed in Section II, B, and the electron excitation spectra to be discussed in Section II, D, the I.R. spectra of these complexes have hitherto been... 

The electron excitation spectra of the ternary systems aromatic substance-HX-MXj were investigated at the same time (Eley and King,... 

Fig. 12. Electron excitation spectra (a) of mesitylene in n-heptane, (b) of its proton addition complex in HF + BFs, and (c) of the proton addition complex of pentamethyl-benzene in HF. (DaUinga et al., 1968a Brouwer et cU., 1966sk)...

Beid, 1954). In these ternary systems the formation of proton addition complexes also takes place, as is shown by a comparison with the electron excitation spectra of aromatic substances in concentrated acids. Detailed investigations by Dallinga et cU. (1958c) showed that in... 

Figures 12 and 13 show examples of the electron excitation spectra of proton addition complexes.

In addition to the purely experimental proof of the proton addition complex by comparison of the electron excitation spectra of carbonium ions obtained in different ways, which in any case is restricted to a few examples, a general proof is possible by a theoretical interpretation of the electron excitation spectra with the aid of the basic model. In the case of anthracene three isomeric proton addition complexes have to be taken into account ... 

Figme 14 shows the result of these calculations for the three isomeric proton addition complexes of anthracene compared to the measured electron excitation spectra (Dallinga et al., 1968a). It can be clearly seen that the measured spectrum agrees with that calculated for the isomeric... 

The basicity constant determined thus gives the total basicity. Because of methyl substitution, it is however possible to vary the ratio of ions A and B present in solution. The two ions A and B differ characteristically in their electron excitation spectra so that one has an analytical method for determining the concentration ratio of the two ions (Mackor et al., 1956). The analysis of these measurements assumes that the extinction... 

Jhe development of chemistry in the 20th century has been dominated and motivated by the electronic theory of the chemical bond and the role of electrons in chemical reactivity. The electronic structure of the chemical bond could be deduced by more or less direct methods, such as electronic excitation spectra, dipole moments, or paramagnetism but there was no direct indication for the transfer of electrons in chemical reactions. Using isotopic techniques it has been possible to demonstrate bond cleavage and atom transfer reactions, but it is impossible to label an electron and trace its transfer from one molecule to another. It was not until the discovery of the radiolytically produced solvated electron that electron transfer processes could be examined directly and unambiguously. 

Under these conditions spectral interferences become predictable, as the wavelength ranges are well documented [10], in which the few diatomic molecules that have been observed in ET AAS exhibit their electron excitation spectra. An example of an interference-free spectral environment is shown in Figure 4.17 for the determination of Cr in whole egg powder at 357.869 nm. The second line within the spectral window at 358.119 nm is due to Fe, and obviously causes no interference in HR-CS AAS. It also causes no interference in LS AAS unless deuterium BC is used with a spectral band pass >0.5 nm. 

N. L. Doltsinis and M. Sprik (2000) Electronic excitation spectra from time-dependent density functional response theory using plane wave methods. Chem. Phys. Lett. 330, p. 563... 

The electron impact technique has provided valuable information regarding core electron excitation spectra. A laboratory-based apparatus can provide high-quality spectra with a resolution comparable if not superior to that obtained from monochromators used with synchrotron sources. The... 

In the following sections, we show the formalism of the multireference perturbation theory and some applications to potential energy surfaces and electronic excited spectra. 

A theoretical approach has been used to compare the proton affinities of phospha-, arsa-, and stiba-benzenes with that of pyridine, and other simpler organo-group 15 systems. The electronic excitation spectra of pyridine and phosphabenzene have also been studied by theoretical methods. A route to the... 

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