Ternary polymer solutions

Figure 13 Liquid-liquid equilibria phase diagrams of ternary polymer solutions (Xin et at, 2008a). Open circles the simulated results dotted lines Flory-Huggins short-dot lines RFT solid lines this work.

Binary and ternary polymer-solution LLE data may be correlated using any of the models described in Section 3 and the methods for computing LLE compositions and estimation of parameters presented in Sections 4 and 5. 

Data are available for equilibrium pressure-volume-temperature of pure polymer liquids, solvent activity coefficients at infinite dilution, solvent activity coefficients at finite concentrations, and liquid-liquid phase equilibria of binary and ternary polymer solutions. 

By treating the free energy of mixing with Flory s ternary polymer solution approach (6 ), the following equations were obtained for the equilibrium of monomer and water inside and outside the particles ... 

Simple GC methods based on UNIFAC, containing corrections for the FV effects, satisfactorily predict the solvent activities and VLE for binary and ternary polymer solutions. They are less successful for the prediction of LEE if the parameters are based on VLE. They are much more successful if the parameters are based on LEE data. The combination of a simple FV expression such as that employed in the Entropic-FV model and a local composition energetic term such as that of UNIQUAC seems to be a very promising tool for both VLE and LLE in polymer solutions. We expect that such tools may find widespread use in the future for practical applications. 

Tanbonliong, J.O. and Pransnitz, J.M., Vapour-liquid equilibria for some binary and ternary polymer solutions. Polymer, 38(23), 5775-5783, 1997. 

Hammouda B. Dynamics of ternary polymer solutions. Macromolecules 1993 26 4800-4804. 

CSA Csaki, K.F., Nagy, M., and Csempesz, F., Influence of the chain composition on the thermodynamic properties of binary and ternary polymer solutions (experimental... 

FIG Figueruelo, J.E., Monzo, I.S., Gomez, C.M., and Soria, V., Ternary polymer solutions with hydrogen bonds 2. Prediction of phase diagrams, Macromol. Theory Simul, 16, 62, 2007. 

Vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data and gas solubilities for binary or ternary polymer solutions... 

Hopkinson, I., Myatt, M. Phase separation in ternary polymer solutions induced by solvent loss. Macromolecules 35(13), 5153-5160 (2002)... 

Akcasu et al. [74] attempted to identify the fast and slow modes with the two modes observed in dynamic scattering experiments from ternary polymer solutions. They defined the vacancies as the third component in a mixture of A and B polymers and concluded that the slow mode was obtained when vacancies were gradually removed, resulting in an incompressible binary mixture of A and B. The fast mode was obtained in the opposite limit of high vacancy concentration or a matrix with very high mobility. Since the polymer mobility and the vacancy concentration are small below, and high above, Tg, this suggested that the slow and fast-mode theories described interdiffusion below and above Tg, respectively. 

LEE Lee, M.-J., Tuan, Y.-C., and Lin, H.-M., Pressure-volume-temperature properties for binary and ternary polymer solutions of poly(ethylene glycol), poly(propylene glycol), and poly(ethylene glycol methyl ether) with anisole, Polymer, 44, 3891, 2003. 

There is a large body of literature on phase diagrams for binary and ternary polymer solutions (Rory 1953 Tompa 1956 Cantow 1967 Utracki 1989) and extensive compilations of data (phase diagrams, cloud points, critical temperatures) for numerous systems (e.g., Wohlfarth 2004, 2008 Koningsveld et al. 2001). A few examples of such systems are listed in Table 2.21. 

Physical Properties and their Relations I (Thermodynamic Properties Equilibria of Ternary Polymer Solutions)... 

This volume contains data on phase equilibria of ternary polymer solutions as a function of temperature, pressure, and composition. In the tables, the subscript 1 always denotes the polymer (because, the data tables are sorted alphabetically with respect to the polymer as first component of the solution) and subscripts 2 and 3 denote the two solvents. 

Experimental teehniques for vapor-liquid equilibrium measurements on polymer solutions were reviewed in [1975BON1, 2000WOH1]. Details of experimental equipment can be found in the original papers compiled for this book and will not be presented here. The eommon methods for ternary polymer solutions are ... 

Vapor-liquid equilibrium experiments for ternary polymer solutions have in their result solvent activities, U2 or fl3, and when neglecting real gas behavior, partial vapor pressures of the solvent, p2 or pj,. It is common practice to use the virial equation of state for the purpose of reducing primary VLE-data of polymer solu-... 

Vapor-liquid equilibrium data of polyesteramide in water and ethanol Data extract from Landolt-Bornstein VIII/6D3 Polymers, Polymer Solutions, Physical Properties and their Relations I (Thermodynamic Properties Equilibria of Ternary Polymer Solutions) ... 

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