Terephthaloyl chloride, modification

Another potential lignin modification method concerns the reaction with difunctional acid chlorides, especially terephthaloyl chloride, to form cross-linked polymeric materials (1,10,14,20). Several studies have dealt with... 

Some results of the modification of lignin sulfonate Ultra B002 by reaction with terephthaloyl chloride are summarized in Table VI. The total hydroxyl content of the lignosulfonates as well as their derivatives are presented in Table VII. The hydrolytic resistance of selected products is evaluated in Table VIII. The results presented in Tables VI-VIII stress several advantages of the derivatives with terephthaloyl chloride. The modified lignin sulfonates were insoluble, or only very slightly soluble, in organic solvents. They were, however, soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide. Ordered structures were identified by X-ray studies (16,17). 

The modification of lignin sulfonates with terephthaloyl chloride produces new polymeric materials containing ester groups. This modification can be used to utilize lignins also for improvement of chemical fiber properties. This is presently under investigation. 

Table VI. Effect of Modification with Terephthaloyl Chloride on the Properties of the Ultra B002 Product.

Figure 4.5 Sequential functionalisation methodology for the covalent modification of MWNTs with one and a half repeat units of Kevlar. (A) PDA-MWNTs, (B) TPC-PDA-MWNTs, and (C) PDA-TPC-PDA-MWNTs bottom panel the schematic presentation of functionalised MAVNTs and corresponding TEM image. TPC- terephthaloyl chloride PDA- p-phenylenediamine. Reproduced with permission from Sainsbury et al.

Chu et al. [70] demonstrated a simple and effective route for the hydrophilic surface modification of ceramic-supported PES membranes by synthesizing a polyfvinyl alcohol) (PVA)/polyamide (PA) composite thin sinface layer with an interfacial polymerization method (IP) method. The reaction of the interfadal polymerization is schematically shown in Figure 2.7. A prepared tubular ceramic-supported PES membrane (both ends sealed) was immersed in a terephthaloyl chloride solution in benzene and... 

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