Tension tie

The selection of these four dimensions grows from analysis of trading volumes between countries performed by Jeffrey Frankel and Andrew Rose. Frankel and Rose found that links unrelated to geography, such as a colony-colonizer relationship, result in a 900 percent increase in trade over that observed without such a relationship. This was a far greater volume of trade than that predicted by physical distance. A common border produced an increase of 80 percent in the volume of expected trade — far less important than the colony-colonizer relationship. For example, India and Pakistan have a common border, but their trade is minimal because of tensions tied to cultural differences. 

The strut-and-tie model was developed and the internal force distribution was determined. Concrete stresses were checked to ensure they were below the allowable code criteria, and reinforcing steel was placed in the tension tie regions. The analysis yielded a maximum factored tie force of 21,500 kN, equivalent to the breaking strength of strength of approximately nine 2" diameter full locked coil ropes. 

Figure 3.17 Concrete Struts and Tension Ties for Carrying Anchor Shear Force...

At the node where the hook is located, the tie cannot develop fy. For example, under the shear force V, while the tie on layer A can develop fy at node 6, the tie on layer B cannot, because the hook of the tie on layer B is located at node 6. In order to calculate the contribution of the tie on layer B to the tension tie at node 6, and with reference to Figure 3.19, the stiffness of a hooked bar bearing on concrete (Case 1 - smooth rebar with 180° hook bearing in concrete [Fabbrocino et al., 2005]) is compared to the stiffness of a hooked bar bearing on rebar (Case 2 - the conventional single-leg stirrup with reinforcing bars inside the bends [Leonhardt and Walther, 1965 as cited in Ghali and Youakim, 2005]). 

Eventhoughthe tension ties are only preseit at the location of the shear reinforcement, the strength of nodal zone anchoring two or mote lies per Section A.5.. 3 of AG 318-08 is consenratively used. 

A tension tie must be added between the roof of the fan room and the main stack building. 

A boat is tied to a dock by a line from the stern of the boat to the dock. A pump inside the boat takes water in through the bow and discharges it out the stem at the rate of 3 ft3/s through a pipe running through the hull. The pipe inside area is 0.25 ft2 at the bow and 0.15 ft2 at the stern. Calculate the tension on the line, assuming inlet and outlet pressures are equal. 

On a rare occasion a tensioned string tied to pressure switch has been provided as detection over the vapor seal area of a floating roof crude storage tank. Although this method may be considered primitive and cheap, it is effective and beneficial versus the option of no detection). 

Solution of this equation requires a determination of surface tension. The surface tension of an oil droplet in a water continuous phase normally is between 1 and 50 dynes/cm. It is not possible to predict the value without lab measurements in the produced water Small amounts of impurities in pro duced water can lower surface tension significantly from what might lie measured in synthetic water. As these impure ties change with time, so will surface tension. In the absence of data, it is recommended that a maximum diameter of between 250 and 500 microns be used for design... 

QUALITATIVE COMMENTS (with 40 mg) This is a powerful and complex intoxicant — I could not have coordinated any rational muscular activity. I could not walk I could not tie my shoe-laces. There is analgesia and an incoordination that I cannot shake. My menstrual flow started a bit ahead of time, but it was light. (with 50 mg) I felt that the body tensions outweighed the psychological and sensory rewards, in that I had a lot of dehydration and my sleep had a nightmare quality. This pretty much offset the few virtues that I felt I had obtained. ... 

The term surface tension is tied to the concept that the surface stays under a tension. In a way, this is similar to a rubber balloon, where also a force is required to increase the surface area of its rubber membrane against a tension. There is, however, a difference while the expansion of a liquid surface is a plastic process the stretching of a rubber membrane is usually elastic. 

We want to learn how to quantize the radiation field. As a first step, consider a continuous elastic system. Any classical continuous elastic system in one dimension can be treated by a normal-mode analysis. Consider an elastic string of length a [m], tied at both ends to some fixed objects, with density per unit length p [kg m ], and tension, or Hooke s law force constant kH [N m-1]. The transverse displacements of the string along the x axis can be described by a transverse stretch y(x, t) at any point x along the string and at a time t. One can describe the y(x, t) as a Fourier sine series in x ... 

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