Tendon-to-bone insertion repair

In this chapter, we first describe the basic properties of the tendon-bone interface including unique features in fiber organization, composition, and extracellular matrix components, the role of minerals in the development of this interface, and current strategies for repairing tendon to bone. We then discuss the mechaifism of hydroxyapatite nanocomposites in tendon-to-bone insertion repair highlighting recent advances of hydroxyapatite nanocomposites in repairing tendon-to-bone insertion sites. Finally, we conclude this chapter with a discussion on perspectives in this field. 

Mechanism of hydroxyapatite minerals for tendon-to-bone insertion repair... 

Tendon-to-bone insertion repair is a well-known cHnical challenge. For example, surgical repair of the injured rotator cuff usually involves suturing the tom tendon... 

These studies demonstrate that electrospinning is a promising approach to the fabrication of graded scaffolds with physical and chemical properties similar to the natural ECM of the tendon-to-bone insertion. However, this technique is stiU in the early stages of development. Most of the studies to date have focused on the establishment of new fabrication systems to produce the desired gradients, whereas the differentiation of stem cells such as BMSCs on such scaffolds has not yet been systematically investigated. In vivo studies should also be carried out to assess the efficacy of such graded scaffolds in tendon-to-bone insertion repair. 

Woo SL-Y, Maynard J, Butler D et al. Ligament, Tendon, and Joint Capsule Insertions to Bone. Injury and Repair of the Musculoskeletal Soft Tissues. Park Ridge, Illinois AAOS 1987 133-166. 

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