Temperatures, during electronics assembly

Science (NCMS) estimated that replacing Pb in electronic assemblies will result in a material cost of US 140-900 million dollars in the United States alone, with supply chain costs likely to run in the tens of billions of dollars [66]. Cost issues are related to materials (solders, components, boards, protective atmospheres during processing, additional energy consumption due to the higher process temperatures required for most lead-free solders, and operational costs). 

In the free space between the inner vessel and the outer box, resistance wires are placed to heat the electrolyzer at the start of the process. After the electrolyte has reached a sufficient temperature the electrical heating is disconnected and air, heated to some 230—250 °C, is blown into the space to keep a constant temperature in the bath during the electrolysis. 6 graphite anodes and 7 cathodes made of perforated silver sheet are alternately suspended in the inner vessel. Both cathodes and anodes are inserted into special diaphragms made of electron and perforated at the bottom. They enclose in the form of bells each electrode. The gases liberated during electrolysis are taken off at the top of the bells. The whole assembly of anodes and cathodes is covered by an electron cover. 

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