Temperature-programmed pyrolysis

Several instrumental designs have been reported for sequential desorption pyrolysis analysis. Tsuge et al [515] reported a two-stage analyser with two separated ovens (for desorption and pyrolysis), cfr. 

Direct temperature-resolved pyrolysis-mass spectrometry (DT-MS or TPPy-MS) performed close to the ion source is another rapid and sensitive technique in the characterisation of involatile 

The main characteristics of TPPy-MS (or DT-MS) are given in Table 2.40. For quantitative results an internal standard is required it is also necessary that no material is lost in the vacuum of the 

by resolving pure component curves, it is possible to monitor degradation mechanisms and to elucidate how additives are linked into the polymer matrix. 

Except for TG, programmable furnaces are rarely interfaced directly to spectroscopic techniques. Davidson [835] has indicated several data processing schemes to extract information about composition and overlapping thermal decomposition reactions of evolved gaseous reaction products of polymers subjected to linear temperature-programmed pyrolysis-infrared spectroscopy. 

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L. Ballice and R. Reimerta, Classification of volatile products from the temperature-programmed pyrolysis of polypropylene (PP), atactic-polypropylene (APP) and thermogravimetrically derived kinetics of pyrolysis. Chem. Eng. Process., 41(4), 289-296 (2002). 

McCoy, B. Distribution kinetics for temperature-programmed pyrolysis. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research 1999 38 4531. 

Temperature-programmed pyrolysis A pyrolysis in which the sample is heated at a controlled rate over a range of temperatures during which pyrolysis occurs. 

Commonly, analytical pyrolysis is performed as flash pyrolysis. This is defined as a pyrolysis that is carried out with a fast rate of temperature increase, of the order of 10,000° K/s. After the final pyrolysis temperature is attained, the temperature is maintained essentially constant (isothermal pyrolysis). Special types of analytical pyrolysis are also known. One example is fractionated pyrolysis in which the same sample is pyrolysed at different temperatures for different times in order to study special fractions of the sample. Another special type is stepwise pyrolysis in which the sample temperature is raised stepwise and the pyrolysis products are analyzed between each step. Temperature-programmed pyrolysis in which the sample is heated at a controlled rate within a temperature range is another special type. 

Another special type is stepwise pyrolysis, in which the sample temperature is raised stepwise and the pyrolysis products are analyzed between each step. Temperature-programmed pyrolysis, in which the sample is heated at a controlled rate within a temperature range, is another special type. This type of pyrolysis can be used for analytical purposes but is not very common. 

Figure 5. Temperature-programmed pyrolysis for Ontario shales.

Fifth, to increase the information content of Py-GC, e.g., by using temperature-programmed pyrolysis [294,295]. 

W.A. Westail, Temperature programmed pyrolysis mass spectrometry, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 11 3-14 (1987). 

Makromolekulare Chemie 194, No.6, June 1993, p.1545-59 LEVEAR-TEMPERATURE PROGRAMMED PYROLYSIS OF THERMORESISTANT POLYMERS - MASS AND FTIR SPECTROMETRIES. II. AROMATIC POLYESTERS AND COPOLYESTERS Hummel D 0 Neuhoff U Bretz A Duessel H J Koln,Universitat Angewandte Spektrometrie Koeln eV... 

No.52,Dec.l991,p.307-12 DEGRADATION BEHAVIOUR OF POLYURETHANE STUDIED BY LINEAR TEMPERATURE PROGRAMMED PYROLYSIS FTIR SPECTROSCOPY Herzog K... 

D. O. Hummel, U. Neuhoff, A. Bretz, and H.-J. Dussel, Linear-temperature programmed pyrolysis of thermoresistant polymers—mass and FTIR spectrometries, 2, Aromatic polyesters and copolyesters, MakromoZ. Chem., 194, 1545 (1993). 

As shown in Table 2.1 there are thermoanalyti-cal techniques, such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) or temperature programmed pyrolysis (TPPy), in which slow heating profiles are taken... 

Continuous or pulse mode (flash pyrolysis) step mode (temperature-programmed pyrolysis)... 

According to Hummel et al. [854], who described linear temperature-programmed pyrolysis of several thermo-resistant polymers (Twaron, Kapton and Py-rolin PI-2555) using FTIR with a heatable cell and LVEIMS (18 eV) for evolved gas analysis, FTIR is superior for the analysis of light fragments, whereas EIMS is more sensitive than FTIR. PyFTIR has mainly been used in the 80s and now appears to be declining. 

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