Temperature growth prokaryotes

Saelensminde G Halskau O, Jr., Helland R, Willassen NP, Jonassen I. Structure-dependent relationships between growth temperature of prokaryotes and the amino acid frequency in their proteins. Extremophiles 2007 11 585-596. 

Galtier N. and Lobry J.R. (1997) Relationships between genomic G+C content, RNA secondary structures, and optimal growth temperature in prokaryotes. J. Mol. Evol. 44 632-636. 

Musto H., Naya H., Zavala A., Romero H., Alvarez-Valin F., Bernardi G. (2004). Correlations between genomic GC levels and optional growth temperatures in prokaryotes. FEBS Letters 573 73-77. 

Cyanobacteria, prokaryotic algae that perform oxygenic photosynthesis, respond to a decrease in ambient growth temperature by desaturating the fatty acids of membrane lipids to compensate for the decrease in the molecular motion of the membrane lipids at low temperatures. During low-temperature acclimation of cyanobacterial cells, the desaturation of fatty acids occurs without de novo synthesis of fatty acids [110, 111]. All known cyanobacterial desaturases are intrinsic membrane proteins that act on acyl-Hpid substrates. 

The proportion of EPA in MGDG and DGDG increased with decreasing growth temperature while that of AA decreased (Table 2). This phenomenon was observed in both the prokaryotic and eukaryotic molecular species of MGDG as well as in DGDG (Table 2). Furthermore, comparison of the molecular species composition at different temperatures have shown that the share of the eukaryotic components was inversely related to the growth temperature. At 20°C, almost 60% of the molecular species were eukaryotic in comparison to only 20% at 30°C. 

It used to be thought that the membranes of natural organisms could not function when their lipids were in the gel-crystalline phase and that changes in growth or other physiological parameters seen in prokaryotes on lowering temperature could be explained simply by proposing that phase transitions had taken place. However, it is now clear that while a correlation can... 

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