TATB properties

In the context of the various concepts that have been advanced to help elucidate detonation initiation and sensitivity, we will use TATB to illustrate the variety of molecular factors that can be involved, some having apparently opposing effects. (For an excellent discussion of TATB properties and detonation behavior, see Storm and Travis [77].) TATB (4,... 

C. D. Hutchinson and co-workers, "Initiation and Detonation Properties of the Insensitive High Explosive TATB/KEL-F800 95/5," Vol. 1, in... 

TATB or 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (C6H6N6Oe) is a yellow-brown crystalline solid that has excellent thermal stability and is known as a heat-resistant explosive. TATB has a decomposition point of 325°C. Its molecular arrangement provides lubricating and elastic properties. 

Al,A -Bis(l,2,4-triazol-3-yl)-4,4 -diamino-2,2, 3,3, 5,5, 6,6 -octanitroazobenzene (BTDAONAB) (105) has recently been synthesized by Agrawal and co-workers by tandem nitration-oxidative coupling of 4-chloro-3,5-dinitroaniline (103) followed by displacement of the chloro groups with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole. This is a thermally stable explosive with some impressive properties, exceeding TATB in both thermal stability and explosive performance (VOD 8321 m/s, d = 1.97 g/cm ). This compound doesn t melt and the DTA exotherm is not seen until 550 °C. 

Agrawal and co-workers synthesized the insensitive triazine-based explosive PL-1 (193) from the reaction of cyanuric chloride (191) with 3,5-dichloroaniline (192), followed by nitration and displacement of the chloro groups with ammonia in acetone. PL-1 (193) (VOD 7861 m/s, d = 2.02 g/cm, DTA exotherm at 335 °C) has overall comprehensive properties close to TATB. 

Navy. 1983. Synthesis and properties of trisubstituted trinitrobenzenes TATB analogs. Silver Spring, MD Naval Surface Weapons Center. Document no. AD A131619. 

A number of explosives for various applications have been synthesized, characterized for structural aspects, thermal and explosive properties by us in India and are being evaluated [193-198] for their intended end-use. The evaluation of BTATNB [Structure (2.27)] indicates that it is slightly more thermally stable than PATO [Structure (2.24)] coupled with better insensitivity toward impact and friction [71]. The data on thermal and explosive properties of some aromatic nitrate esters suggest that l,3,5-tris(2-nitroxyethyl nitramino)-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene [Structure (2.54)] is a potential substitute of PETN [193]. An explosive called 2,4,6-tris (3,5 -diamino-2, 4, 6 -trinitrophenylamino)-l,3,5-triazene [designated as PL-1 Structure (2.55)] is a new thermally stable and insensitive explosive which on comparison with TATB suggests that it is slightly inferior to TATB [Structure... 

Table 2.5 Some TATB/HMX Based PBXs and their properties.

Table Z6 TATB based PBXs with different binders and their properties.

Formulation Property TATB/PU 95/5 TATB/Viton/ Chemlok95 /2.5 /2.5 TATB/Kel-F800 90/10... 

Some explosive formulations based on HMX, HMX and NTO, HMX and TATB (by wt.) and binder have been studied for density, VOD, IAD (number of cards), initiation sensitivity, ignition temperature and other explosive properties. The data given in Table 2.9 and Table 2.10 show a significant decrease in sensitivity, IAD (number of cards) and initiation sensitivity of explosive formulations with an increase in the proportion of NTO as well as TATB. However, performance of the NTO-based formulation is slightly better [222]. 

Table 2.9 Some properties of pressed explosives with 92.5%HMX, HMX/TATB and ...

Table 2.10 Some properties of composite explosives with 80.6 % HMX, HMX/NTO and HMX/TATB.

Jackson, R.K., and Weingart, R.C. (1976) Detonation properties of the insensitive explosive TATB. Chem. Abstr., 85, 179841e. 

H. R., and Jones, A.G. (1989) Initiation and detonation properties of the insensitive high explosive TATB/Kel-F800 95/5. Proc. 9th Symp. (Inti.) on Detonation, Portland, Oregon, USA, p. 123. 

It is a yellow-brown coloured substance which decomposes rapidly just below its melting temperature. It has excellent thermal stability in the range 260-290 °C and is known as a heat-resistant explosive. Some of the properties of TATB are given in Table 2.17. 

Properties. The structure of TATB, as illustrated in Fig 1, contains many unusual features, Some of these are the extremely long C—C bonds in the benzene ring, the very short C—N (amino)... 

Table 5 is illustrative of the properties of a propint formulation containing TATB... 

Weingart, Detonation Properties of the Insensitive Explosive TATB , UCRL-77755 (Rev 1), LLL, Livermore, Contract W-7405-Eng48... 

Methyl-2,4,5-trinitroimidazole has been synthesized from 4-nitroimidazole using stepwise nitration and further methylation by dimethylsulfate or from commercially available imidazole. l-Methyl-2,4,5-trinitroimidazole is relatively insensitive to impact, and its thermal stability is excellent. The calculated detonation properties point to the fact that its performance is about 30% better than that of TATB. The data of impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity, time-to-explosion tern-... 

Agrawal et al. reported the synthesis of BTDAONAB (Fig. 1.3c) which does not melt below 550 °C and is considered to be a better and thermally more stable explosive than TATB. According to the authors, this material has a very low impact (21J), no friction sensitivity (> 360 N) and is thermally stable up to 550 °C. These reported properties makes BTDAONAB superior to all of the nitro-aromatic compounds which have been discussed. BTDAONAB has a VoD of 8300 m/s while TATB is about 8000 m/s [Agrawal et al., Ind. J. Eng. Mater Sci., 2004,11,516-520 Agrawal et al., Central Europ.. Energ. Mat. 2012, 9(3), 273-290.]... 

Tab. 1.2b Comparative data of the thermal and explosive properties of TATB, HNS, BTDAONAB and BeTDAONAB.

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