Tartaric acid chemical formula

Isomerism of Tartaric Acid.—Examination of the formula for tartaric acid, which, by the facts given above, has its constitution fully established as symmetrical di-hydroxy succinic acid, shows the interesting fact that there are present two asymmetric carbon atomsy and that each of these has linked to it the same set of four different groups. We should, therefore, expect to find tartaric acid existing in the dextrOy the levo and the inactive forms. The stereo-chemical formulas similar to those of lactic and malic acids we may write as follows. 

Eilhard Mitscherlich in 1844 reported that solutions of commercial tartaric acid rotated the plane of polarized light in a clockwise manner, while solutions of racemic acid had no effect on plane-polarized light. This finding was surprising because the chemical formulae of these two acids are the same, HOOC-CH(OH)-CH(OH)-COOH, and their crystals appeared identical. Mitscherlich posed this problem as Mitscherlich s riddle. ... 

A reference book states that a saturated aqueous solution of potassium hydrogen tartrate is a buffer with a pH of 3.56. Write two chemical equations that show the buffer action of this solution. (Tartaric acid is a diprotic acid with the formula H2C4H40g. Potassium hydrogen tartrate is KHC4H4O5.)... 

As (2, 3i )-(+)-tartaric acid can be genetically connected by chemical interactions with the D-series of organic compounds originating from D-glyceraldehyde, also (+)-tartaric acid can be considered a more refiable structure than D-glyceraldehyde. It turned out that the spatial formula adopted arbitrarily by Fischer proved to be the correct absolute configuration. On the other hand, Waser ascribed the opposite configuration for (+)-tartaric acid, but that was not confirmed. 

Dibasic tartaric acid (C4H6O6) was a particularly important case, not just because its salts exhibited beautifully formed crystals, but also because it had become a crucial early instance of isomerism, which Berzelius had first discussed, defined, and named in 1830. Tartaric acid was derived from the pink tartar deposited by fermenting red wine, and the substance had been characterized chemically for almost seventy years, but a distinct substance with the same formula, also derived from wine... 

FIGURE 2.2 Chemical formula of d-(+) tartaric acid showing (a) double axis of symmetry and (b) one of its possible conformations shown here as Newman projection. 

State the chemical name and formula of lime, lime water, limestone, chloride of lime, bleaching powder, marble, muriatic acid, oil of vitriol, blue vitriol, ammonia, sal ammoniac, salt, soda, potash, caustic soda, quicklime, slaked lime, cream of tartar. 

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