Tape-laying

Figure 1-12 Automatic Tape-Laying Machine (Courtesy General Dynamics)...

On-line consolidation techniques are commonly used in manufacturing processes, such as filament winding and tape laying. Despite differences in the machines used to implement these two manufacturing processes, similar procedures are required to ensure complete bonding between the composite layers. The basic components of on-line consolidation process are illustrated in Figure 7.2. 

Filament winding tape laying Tape is laid side by side or overlapped to form a structure. 

A simple, portable and cheap apparatus was developed [64] for vacuum-molding reinforced plastic components and a prototype tape laying machine was also developed [64],... 

This technology is widely used and excellent machines are made by Cincinnati (formerly Cincinnati Milacron) and Ingersoll. It is possible to convert tape lay-up machines to fiber placement units by the addition of a suitable head for running tows, special software and hardware for heating control. Since the action of these machines is similar to fiber placement, they are discussed below. 

Fiber placement is basically a hybrid of filament winding and tape laying and is a continuous process for fabricating composite shapes, by laying thermoset or thermoplastic preimpregnated tows (in tow or slit tape form) onto a mandrel or tool having concave or convex surfaces. There is no limit to the fiber angle and tows can be added or removed as and when necessary. 

Automation layup efforts are traditionally directed toward the prqrreg tape lay down/autoclave cure processes that are necessary for complex aircraft shapes. Major... 

Most manufacturers use spray guns and pumping systems to have a more rapid and consistent mix to wet out the laminate, where highly accurate metering systems can also be used and automated tape-laying machines have been developed recently, as discussed in the part on spray-up techniques. 

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