Tape alignment

Traction is typically used to align a bone by a gende, constant pulling action. The pulling force may be transmitted to the bone through skin tapes or a metal pin through a bone. Traction may be used as a preliminary treatment, before other forms of treatment or after cast immobilization. 

Unidirectional construction Refers to fibers that are oriented in the same direction, such as unidirectional fabric, tape, or laminate, often called UD. Such parallel alignment is included in pultrusion and filament winding applications. 

Figure 5.24 Model of hierarchical self-assembly of chiral rodlike monomers.109 (a) Local arrangements (c-f) and corresponding global equilibrium conformations (c -f) for hierarchical selfassembling structures formed in solutions of chiral molecules (a), which have complementary donor and acceptor groups, shown by arrows, via which they interact and align to form tapes (c). Black and the white surfaces of rod (a) are reflected in sides of helical tape (c), which is chosen to curl toward black side (c ). (b) Phase diagram of solution of twisted ribbons that form fibrils. Scaled variables relative helix pitch of isolated ribbons h hh /a. relative side-by-side attraction energy between fibrils eaur/e. Reprinted with permission from Ref. 109. Copyright 2001 by the National Academy of Sciences, U.S.A.

The use of self-assembling peptides is also explored beyond the medical, pharmaceutical, or cosmetics industry. Areas of interest are among others functional foods, electronics, functional coatings, and catalysis (but different from enzyme research). As an example, peptides can be designed to switch from a random coil-like primary structure organization into an a-helix or [3-sheet secondary structure with unique properties. Short peptides align to form [3-sheet tapes with different functionalities, for example, hydrophilic and hydrophobic on either side of the tape to form monolayer coatings (Boden et al., 1996). 

Figure 16 In situ AFM images of single P-sheet tapes grown on mica from 5 (XM Pu-2 in 10% H20 in 2-propanol. The tapes are aligned with the hexagonal symmetry of the underlying mica lattice (Whitehouse et al., 2005).

Slide pieces E and F. 5 onto the ends of tubes C, aligning them with the marks made in step 2. Clamp or tape E and F firmly in place, DO NOT BRAZE ... 

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