Tangential inlet nozzle

The process fluid enters a sloped tangential inlet nozzle, sized to deliver a preconditioned flow stream into the body of the separator. The momentum of the process fluid, combined with the tangential inlet, generates a liquid... 

The working principle of hollow cone nozzles is that the liquid throughput is subjected to rotation by a tangential inlet and is then further accelerated in the conical housing toward the orifice (see the sketch in Figure 19). A liquid film with a thickness d is thereby produced, which spreads to a hollow cone sheet and disintegrates into droplets at the discharge from the orifice. 

The second device shown is a cyclone inlet that uses centrifugal force, rather than mechanical agitation, to disengage oil and gas. This inlet can have a cyclonic chimney, as shown, or may use a tangential fluid race around walls. Designs arc proprietary, but most use an inlet nozzle sized to create a fluid velocity of about 20 fps around a chimney whose diameter is two-thirds the vessel diameter. 

The use of non-radial (tangential or offset) vapor inlet nozzles often leads to vapor distribution problems. Whenever two reboiler return nozzles are required, they should be installed radially and located 180 degrees apart so as to cancel kinetic energy effects. The invert of the vapor inlet nozzle should be at least 8 in. above the maximum liquid level in the bottom of the column. Submerging the vapor inlet into the liquid can lead to premature flooding of the packed bed caused by massive liquid entrainment. 

Fig. 15.10 Whirlpool tanks of various designs, (a) With conical base (b) Combined copper and whirlpool tank (c) Whirlpool separator with inclined base. 1. Vent stack 2. Spray-water inlet 3. Spray ring with nozzles 4. Tangential wort inlet 5. Liquid level indicator 6. Manhole 7. Water shield ring for concrete base 8. Concrete base 9. Three-way valve for discharge of wort and sludge. (Courtesy of A. Ziemann, GmbH.)...

The electrospray nebulizer consists of an extra fine stainless steel tube or needle with a diameter of 0.92 mm that is confined into a stainless steel body. The nebulizing gas (nitrogen) is fed into the needle through a port positioned at 65° with respect to the sample inlet port. The gas travels from the head of the nebulizer tangentially to the fine needle toward the exit of the needle or nozzle. A closer view of the electrospray head containing the needle and other parts is shown in Figure 6. 

The structure of airflow inside the nozzle depends on the following factors angle at which air enters into the nozzle (or axial angle of air inlets), channel diameter (or yam channel diameter) and air pressure. From the simulation, airflow pattern, components of air velocity (axial, tangential and resultant) at different normal planes for various nozzles were obtained [1]. To get air velocity profiles on different normal planes of nozzles, various sections of the nozzle were considered at a distance of 1 mm, along the axis of the nozzle, details of which are described in Rengasamy et al. [13]. 

As shown in Figure 3.51, a dynamic hydrocyclone consists of a rotating cylinder, axial inlet and outlet, reject nozzle, and external motor. The rotation of the cylinder creates a "free vortex." The tangential speed is inversely proportional to the distance to the centerhne of the cyclone. Since there is no complex geometry that requires a high pressure drop, dynamic imits can operate at lower inlet pressures (approximately 50 psig) than static imits. In addition, the effect of the reject ratio is not as important in dynamic imits as it is in static units. 

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