Tailings, definition

Type I isotherms are characterized by a plateau which is nearly or quite horizontal, and which may cut the p/p° = 1 axis sharply or may show a tail as saturation pressure is approached (Fig. 4.1). The incidence of hysteresis varies many Type I isotherms exhibit no hysteresis at all (Fig. 4.1), others display a definite loop, and in others there is hysteresis which may or may not persist to the lowest pressures ( low-pressure hysteresis ) (Fig. 4.2). Type 1 isotherms are quite common, and are no longer restricted, as seemed at one time to be the case, to charcoals. Many solids, if suitably prepared, will yield Type 1 isotherms the xerogcls of silica, titania, alumina... 

The reader should be aware that these definitions are different from those normally used in chromatography, where peak tailing leads to values larger than unity and peak fronting to values smaller than unity. The ISO/EN/DIN definitions (22,23) are just reciprocal. 

Reliability is generally understood to measure the degree of certainty that a piece of equipment will perform as intended. Relays, in contrast with most other equipment, have two alternative ways in which they can be unreliable. They may tail to operate when they are expected to, or they may operate when they are not expected to. This leads to the two-pronged definition of dependability, the measure of certainty that the relays will operate correctly for all faults for which they are designed to operate and security, the measure of certainty that the relays will not operate incorrectly for any fault. 

Most monomers have an asymmetric substitution pattern and the two ends of the double bond are distinct. For mono- and 1,1-disubstituted monomers (Section 4,3.1) it is usual to call the less substituted end "the tail" and the more substituted end "the head". Thus the terminology evolved for two modes of addition head and tail and for the three types of linkages hcad-to-tail, hcad-to-hcad and tail-to-ta.il. For 1,2-di-, tri- and tetrasubstituted monomers definitions of head and tail are necessarily more arbitrary. The term "head" has been used for that end with the most substituents, the largest substituents or the best radical stabilizing substituent (Scheme 4.4). 

I-. - also head r.t rail addition definition 4. If) lail-to-tail linkages in PVAc 324... 

The transport of information from sensors to the central nervous system and of instructions from the central nervous system to the various organs occurs through electric impulses transported by nerve cells (see Fig. 6.17). These cells consist of a body with star-like projections and a long fibrous tail called an axon. While in some molluscs the whole membrane is in contact with the intercellular liquid, in other animals it is covered with a multiple myeline layer which is interrupted in definite segments (nodes of Ranvier). The Na+,K+-ATPase located in the membrane maintains marked ionic concentration differences in the nerve cell and in the intercellular liquid. For example, the squid axon contains 0.05 MNa+, 0.4 mK+, 0.04-0.1 m Cl-, 0.27 m isethionate anion and 0.075 m aspartic acid anion, while the intercellular liquid contains 0.46 m Na+, 0.01 m K+ and 0.054 m Cl-. 

Figures 3.80(a) and (b) show the behaviour of n, k and the thickness L of a polypyrrole film during its growth on a Pt electrode in aqueous perchlorate solution obtained via in situ ellipsometry. A definite lag can be seen between the change in L and the changes in n and k. Up to c. 1.3 s the thickness of the film increases linearly with time while n and k remain constant. Between 1.3 and 2 s the growth almost tails off before increasing slowly up to 4 s and then more quickly until attaining a steady rate of increase at t > 4 s. Similarly at 1.3 s < t < 4 s both n and k increase, with n attaining a maximum value at 4 s before decreasing, while k increases at a lower rate at t > 4 s than at t < 4 s.

Although additional analyses of the existing data and additional experiments are required to reach definitive conclusions on the phase changes of ferrihydrite in uranium mine tailings, preliminary XRD data suggest that in deionized water at elevated pH (pH=10) phase transformation of ferrihydrite can occur at elevated temperatures. In both elevated temperature experiments, hematite appeared to be the dominant transformation product. At room temperature, however, ferrihydrite remains stable after the duration of the experiment (seven days). 

It was the latter that was produced as shown by the fact that only about 86% of the chlorine was removed by treating the polymer with copper. Later it was shown that this treatment produced cyclopropane units in the chain so that the question of head-to-tail structure was definitely established. A few polymers do have structures containing both head-to-tail and head-to-head, tail-to-tail structures. 

In a more comprehensive study, 46 constituents were identified in the interdigital secretion of the white-tailed deer, 0. virginianus [129]. Only relatively volatile compounds up to methyl salicylate were identified in the secretion, because samples for GC-MS analysis were enriched from the headspace gas of the secretion collected on cotton swabs. Some variations in the relative concentrations of the compounds between the secretions from dominant and subordinate animals were observed, but it was not possible to conclude definitely whether these differences were related to age or dominance. 

Our data were 15 heads and 5 tails, so how do we calculate the p-value Well, remember the earlier definition and translate that into the current setting the probability of getting the observed data or more extreme data in either direction with a fair coin. To get the p-value we add up the probabilities (calculated when the null hypothesis is true - coin fair) associated with our data (15 heads, 5 tails) and more extreme data (a bigger dilference between the number of heads and the number of tails) in either direction ... 

Usually the type I error is fixed at 0.05 (5 per cent). This is because we use 5 per cent as the significance level the cut-off between significance (p < 0.05) and non-significance (p > 0.05). The null distribution tells us precisely what will happen when the null hypothesis is true we veill get extreme values in the tails of that distribution, even when pj = p2. However, when we do see a value in the extreme outer 5 per cent, we declare significant differences and by definition this will occur 5 per cent of the time when Hg is true. 

An early attempt to resolve the discrepancy between the high values of Sugimura and Suzuki (1988) and more traditional analyses tailed to reach a definitive conclusion (Williams, 1992). The start of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) field program with the North Atlantic Bloom Experiment in 1989 put additional pressure on the various groups to resolve this issue quickly. The National Science Foundation (NSF) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) funded a workshop held in Seattle in July 1991 to resolve the issue. 

If the Anderson criterion is not satisfied then, as first pointed out by Mott (1966), since states are likely to become localized in the tail of a band, there exists a critical energy Ec (the mobility edge )f separating localized from non-localized states (Fig. 1.21). The simplest definition of Ec in terms of the behaviour of the conductivity a(E) is as follows ... 

As a precursor to this discussion, the definition of certain terms used becomes obligatory Ballistic Shape. For small arms ammo, three general bullet shapes apply. Bullets with round noses (which, except for pistol or sub-machine gun ammo, are virtually obsolete), bullets with pointed noses and flat bases, and bullets with painted noses and streamlined or boat-tailed... 

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