T absorptions

Tsuda, T., Horio, R, and Osawa, T., Absorption and metabolism of cyanidin 3-0-beta-D-glucoside in rats, FEBS Lett., 449, 179, 1999. 

Table 9 Properties of T-T absorption bands and reaction rates of bithiophene derivatives in triplet excited state...

ADME(T) absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion (toxicity)... 

D + 3A —> D + 3A (higher triplet). This type of transfer requires overlap of the fluorescence spectrum of D and the T-T absorption spectrum of A (e.g. quenching of perylene by phenanthrene in its lowest triplet state). 

A (n,T )-configuration has been assigned to the lowest excited triplet state Et 52 kcal mole ) of 4-nitropyridine-1-oxide from both phosphorescence and S—T absorption studies... 

Alginic Acid + Aluminum Hydroxide Magnesium Tnsilicate (Gaviscon) [Antacid] [OTC] Uses Heartburn hiatal hernia pain Action Protective layer blocks gastric acid Dose 2—4- tabs or 15-30 mL PO qid followed by H2O Caution [B, -] Avoid in renal impair or Na -restricted diet Disp Tabs, susp SE D, constipation Interactions T Absorption OF tetracyclines EMS None OD May cause constipation, loss of appetite, muscle weakness, and peripheral edema symptomatic and supportive... 

Fosfomycin (Monurol) [Antibiotic] Uses Uncomplicated UTl Action -1- CeU w l synth Dose 3 g PO in 90-120 mL of H2O single dose X in renal impair Caution [B, ] -t Absorption w/ antacids/Ca salts Contra Component sensitivity Disp Granules SE HA, GI upset Interactions X Effects W/ antacids, metoclopramide EMS Monitor ECG and BP for signs of hypovolemia and electrolyte disturbances d/t D OD May cause impaired coordination, hearing loss and bitt taste in mouth symptomatic and supportive... 

Kern, S.M., Bennett, R.N., Mellon, F.A., Kroon, P.A., and Garcia-Conesa, M.T., Absorption of hydroxycinnamates in humans after high-bran cereal consumption, J. Agric. Food Chem., 51,6050, 2003. 

Direct detection of DPC is made by time-resolved EPR spectroscopy. In this method, DPC is first generated by photolysis of 30 in a hydrocarbon matrix at 16 K and is excited by a 465-nm laser, which corresponds to a T-T absorption of the To state of DPC. The transient triplet spectrum of the species having a decay rate of 160 ns at 16 K is assigned to the EPR spectrum of DPC. The ZFS parameters are determined by computer simulation to be D = 0.201 m and E = 0.0085 cm The D values observed by different methods are essentially identical. 

In this workflow, chemists want to draw or import a set of molecules, profile their molecular properties, such as computed ADME T (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) properties, estimated activities against specific protein targets based on existing SAR models, and make selections based on the analysis of structural features and computed molecular properties of those singleton molecules. 

The effect is observed when the heavy atom is substituted in the molecule (intramolecular effect) as also when the molecule collides with a heavy atom containing perturber (intermolecular or external effect). The dramatic enhancement of S —T transition due to intramolecular and intermolecular heavy atom perturbations are respectively shown in Figure 3.8 for chloronaphthalenes in ethyl iodide and other perturbants. Molecular oxygen has a perturbing effect on S — T absorption spectra of organic molecules in solution. Under a pressure of 100 atm of Os, well defined... 

S — T absorption spectra are obtained for aromatics, heterocyclics, olefines and acetylenes. The transition disappears on removal of oxygen. It is suggested that a charge-transfer complex (A+ OJ) (Section 3.10.1) is formed which relaxes the spin multiplicity restrictions. 

Docusate Calcium (Surfak)/Docusate Potassium (Dialose)/ Docusate Sodium (DOSS, Colace) [Emollient Laxative/Fecal Softener] Uses Constipation adjunct to painful anorectal conditions (hemorrhoids) Action Stool softener Dose Adults. 50-500 mg PO + daily qid Peds. Infants-3 y 10-40 mg/24 h daily qid 3-6 y 20-60 mg/24 h + daily qid 6-12 y 40-120 mg/24 h + daily qid Caution [C, ] Contra Use w/ mineral oil intestinal obst, acute abd pain, N/V Disp Caps, syrup, Liq, soln SE Rare abd cramping, D Interactions T Absorption of mineral oil EMS Monitor for Sxs of electrolyte disturbances and hypovolemia d/t D OD May cause N/V/D and abd pain symptomatic and supportive... 

Wilkinson has recently described a novel approach.113 It has long been known that solvents containing heavy atoms markedly quench the fluorescence of aromatic hydrocarbons, and it has been shown that this effect arises from an enhancement of the rate of intersystem crossing. Thus the ratio of phosphorescence to fluorescence for naphthalene irradiated at 77°K can be increased more than a hundredfold upon addition of some isopropyl iodide to the solvent.114 The same effect has been noted upon changing from hydrocarbon glasses to frozen krypton and xenon matrices.115 Wilkinson found that the decrease in fluorescence intensity from irradiated solutions of anthracene and some of its derivatives upon addition of bromobenzene is attended by an increase in T-T absorption intensity.116 The fluorescence quenching follows the Stern-Volmer law ... 

Straightforward kinetic analysis reveals that the exact relation between the relative fluorescence decrease and the relative T-T absorption increase depends on d>lsc, which can then be extracted from data obtained at various quencher concentrations.113... 

Aromatic solutes can photosensitize the homolysis of C—H bonds in hydrocarbon solvents at low temperatures in rigid media.222,241,242 The reaction is biphotonic in rigid media where triplet lifetimes are sufficiently long, intense irradiation can populate second excited triplets by T-T absorption. The second excited triplets of several aromatic compounds apparently can transfer their energy to solvent molecules and cause bond cleavage. 

Fluorescein and related quinonelike dyes such as eosin have found extensive use as low-energy sensitizers, especially in photooxidation studies. The efficiency of intersystem crossing in fluorescein varies markedly with pH. For the neutral molecule, the quantum yield of fluorescence is only 0.31, while it is 0.91 for the dianion.449 In strong acid solutions, however, protonated fluorescein is strongly phosphorescent. In this state (dissolved in boric acid) fluorescein was the first compound for which T-T absorption in an excited triplet state was observed.7... 

---