T4 endonuclease

Wolf, P. et al., Topical treatment with liposomes containing T4 endonuclease V protects human skin in vivo from ultraviolet-induced upregulation of interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, J. Invest. Dermatol. 114, 149-156, 2000. 

Yarosh, D., et al.. Effect of topically apphed T4 endonuclease V in liposomes on skin cancer in xeroderma pigmentosum a randomised smdy. Lancet, 357, 926-29, 2001. 

Sadowski and Hurwitz have described two endonucleases synthesized in T4 phage-infected E. coli which they have named T4 endonucleases II and IV (66). 

T4 endonuclease II appears to differ from E. coli endonuclease II in several respects, the most striking difference being the inability of the phage-induced enzyme to attack either glucosylated or nonglucosylated T4 DNA. Friedberg et al. have also found that whereas the activity of... 

Recently, two groups have independently isolated non-lethal mutants of T4 that are incapable of degrading the host E. coll DNA and may therefore be defective in T4 endonuclease II (68, 69). 

Yasuda S, Sekiguchi M (1970) T4 endonuclease involved in repair of DNA. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 67 1839-1845... 

In principle the global structure of an RNA junction could be determined when it is complexed with bound protein. This has not been accomplished to date in RNA, but it has proven itself for DNA junctions. For example, the structure of DNA junctions bound by the junctionresolving enzymes T4 endonuclease VII (Pohler et al., 1996) and T7 endonuclease I (Declais et al., 2003) have both been determined by comparative gel electrophoresis. It was found that both proteins substantially alter the global shape of the DNA junction in different ways. These structures were both recendy confirmed by X-ray crystallography (Biertiimpfel et al., 2007 Hadden et al., 2007), showing that comparative gel electrophoresis functions reliably for protein complexes. There is no reason to expect that the method would not work equally well for RNA junction complexes. The binding of the ribosomal protein SI 5 to a three-way RNA junction has been studied by an electrophoretic approach that is related to comparative gel electrophoresis (Batey and Williamson, 1998). 

This method has found wide application for limited sequencing objectives. Before the advent of the newer rapid techniques it was the main tool for the analysis of small DNA fragments produced by endonuclease digestion e.g. T4-endonuclease IV, and a combination of these methods with depurination analysis enabled... 

Bacteriophage T4 endonuclease Vll 1EN7, 1E7D Cysp 2 CysL 31 CysL 2 Cysa... 

R461 K. Morikawa and M. Shirikawa, Three-Dimensional Structural View of Damaged-DMA Recognition T4 Endonuclease V, E. coli Vsr, Protein, and Human Nucleotide Excision Repair Factor XPA , Mutat. Res., 2000,460, 257... 

Youil, R., B. W. Kemper, and R. G. Cotton, Screening for mutations by enzyme mismatch cleavage with T4 endonuclease VII. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1995. 92(1) ... 

Researchers have developed a skin lotion to counteract the effects of UV light. The lotion contains liposomes filled with a DNA-repair enzyme from a virus, called T4 endonuclease V. The liposomes penetrate the skin cells. Once inside, the enzymes make their way to the nucleus, where they attack pyrimidine dimers and start a DNA-repair mechanism that the normal cellular processes can complete. The skin lotion, marketed by AGI... 

In a study from our laboratoiy (Chatteijee et al., 1996), a novel P postlabeling method was employed to detect UVB-induced DNA lesions in the epidermis and its prevention by GTP. This study showed that epidermal DNA from UVB-exposed mice at 24h contain up to five DNA lesions. Quantitation of these lesions showed that their formation increased in a UVB dose-dependent manner. Treatment of DNA samples with the bacteriophage DNA repair enzyme T4 endonuclease V confirmed that four of these lesions are pyrimidine dimers. While some of these lesions were repaired 18h after UVB irradiation, 30% of them persisted even 48h postirradiation. Topical application of GTP... 

Recognition complexes are also available for T4 endonuclease V (Vassylyev et al., 1995), hAAG (Lau et al, 2000), MutM (Fromme and Verdine, 2003a), and the HhH-GPD glycosylases endonuclease 111 (J. G. Fromme... 

Yarush et ai. 159) used liposomes prepared from phosphatidylcholine, cholesterol hemisuccinate. and oleic acid to the skin with a DNA repair enzyme. T4 endonuclease V. Before and after exposure to UV-B light the enzyme was applied on the skin. After 6 h the animals were sacrificed and the DNA dimers counted. It appeared that post- and pretreatment with DNA repair-loaded liposomes resulted in a decrease in the number of dimers. Repealed application did not funher enhance the repair. These results. suggest that the DNA repair at least entered the cells. In a. second study. Yarosh et al. (60) studied the fate of the di-i-labellcd... 

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