Systemic considerations neurological system

Chapter VIII - The central nervous system (CNS) elicits limited capacity to recover from injury. Though considerable efforts and means have been deployed to find treatments for neurological diseases, disorders and injuries, there is still no cure for these ailments, and new alternatives for therapy must be explored. Because they generate the main phenotypes of the nervous system, neural stem cells (NSCs) hold the promise to cure a broad range of neurological diseases and injuries. With the confirmation that neurogenesis occurs in the adult... 

Hartnup disease is a rare genetic condition in which there is a defect of the membrane transport mechanism for tryptophan and other large neutral amino acids. The result is that the intestinal absorption of free tryptophan is impaired, although dipeptide absorption is normal. There is a considerable urinary loss of tryptophan (and other amino acids) as a result of the failure of the normal reabsorption mechanism in the renal tubules - renal aminoaciduria. In addition to neurological signs that can be attributed to a deficit of tryptophan for the synthesis of serotonin in the central nervous system, the patients show clinical signs of pellagra, which respond to the administration of niacin. 

Considerably more information on the health effects of hydrazines is available from animal studies. These are data for all effect categories from animal studies for oral exposure to hydrazines. The lethal, neurological, reproductive, carcinogenic, and systemic effects for all exposure durations are available from studies in animals exposed to hydrazines by the inhalation route. For dermal exposures to hydrazines, animal data are available regarding the lethal, neurological, and acute systemic effects. 

Based on studies demonstrating increased levels of MMP-9 in the spinal fluid of patients with inflammatory processes involving the nervous system, considerable interest evolved in the measurement of plasma MMPs in various neurologic diseases. Mean plasma levels of MMP-9 in patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome were reported to be five times higher than in healthy subjects or patients with other neurologic diseases. The percentage of plasma MMP-9 in these patients decreased approximately 60% after... 

Biological and physiological systems are typical complex systems, which provide examples of aperiodicity and chaos [1-7]. Aperiodic cardiac oscillations are reflected in ECG for different cases of arrhythmia Fig. (12.1). Similarly, chaotic, aperiodic and noisy oscillations are observed in EEC in specific cases as shown in Fig. (12.2). Closely allied with chemical oscillations are membrane oscillations which have considerable relevance in physiological processes including neurological and cardiac disorders in the context of detection and control. 

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