Systematic names, of amines

The systematic names of amines are based on consideration of the compounds as derivatives of ammonia. Amines of more complex structure are sometimes named as derivatives of the parent hydrocarbon with the term amino- used as a prefix to describe —NH2. 

Give the systematic name of each of the following amines (a) CH3NH, (b) (GH3CH,)2NH ... 

In Section 3.7, we saw that amines are classified as primary, secondary, or tertiary, depending on whether one, two, or three hydrogens of ammonia have been replaced by an alkyl group. We also saw that amines have both common and systematic names. Common names are obtained by citing the names of the alkyl substituents attached to the nitrogen (in alphabetical order) followed by amine. Systematic names employ amine as a functional group suffix. 

Common names of the compounds arc used throughout this volume. Preparations appear in the alphabetical order of common names of the compound or names of the synthetic procedures. The Chemical Abstracts indexing name for each title compound, if it differs from the common name, is given as a subtitle. Because of the major shift to new systematic nomenclature adopted by Chemical Abstracts in 1972, many common names used in the text are immediately followed by the bracketed, new names. Whenever two names are concurrently in use, the correct Chemical Abstracts name is adopted. The prefix n- is deleted from w-alkanes and w-alkyls. In the case of amines, both the common and systematic names are used, depending on which one the Editor-in-Chief feels is more appropriate. All reported dimensions are now expressed in Systeme International units. 

Most studies of micellar systems have been carried out on synthetic surfactants where the polar or ionic head group may be cationic, e.g. an ammonium or pyridinium ion, anionic, e.g. a carboxylate, sulfate or sulfonate ion, non-ionic, e.g. hydroxy-compound, or zwitterionic, e.g. an amine oxide or a carboxylate or sulfonate betaine. Surfactants are often given trivial or trade names, and abbreviations based on either trivial or systematic names are freely used (Fendler and Fendler, 1975). Many commercial surfactants are mixtures so that purity can be a major problem. In addition, some surfactants, e.g. monoalkyl sulfates, decompose slowly in aqueous solution. Some examples of surfactants are given in Table 1, together with values of the critical micelle concentration, cmc. This is the surfactant concentration at the onset of micellization (Mukerjee and Mysels, 1970) and can therefore be taken to be the maximum concentration of monomeric surfactant in a solution (Menger and Portnoy, 1967). Its value is related to the change of free energy on micellization (Fendler and Fendler, 1975 Lindman and Wennerstrom, 1980). 

The common names of primary amines consist of the name of the alkyl branch followed by the name amine. The systematic (lUPAC) name of primary amines consists of the name of the alkane with the -e replaced by the suffix -amine. Some examples of primary amines appear in Figure 13-1. If more than one amine group is present, you need to use the appropriate prefix. 

The word amine is derived from ammonia, and the class of compounds known as amine s therefore are commonly named as substituted ammonias. In this system, primary amines, having only one substituent on nitrogen, are named with the substituent as a prefix. More systematic nomenclature appends -amine to the longest chain, as for alcohols ... 

Secondary and tertiary amines, which have two and three substituents on nitrogen, commonly are named as N-substituted amines. As for substituted amides, N is included to indicate that the substituent is on the nitrogen atom unless there is no ambiguity as to where the substituent is located. Systematic nomenclature of secondary and tertiary amines is related to the systematic ether nomenclature discussed in Section 7-3 ... 

Amines may be primary, secondary, or tertiary. The C4HnN primary amines, compounds of the type C4H9NH2, and their systematic names are... 

To assign the systematic name, find the longest continuous carbon chain bonded to the amine nitrogen, and change the -e ending of the parent alkane to the snffix -amine. Then use the usual rules of nomenclature to number the chain and name the snbstituents. 

In the systematic naming (ICIPAC) of these compounds, the -NH2 amine group is called the amino group. This naming is generally used in the case of alcohols and acids. 

For each of the following compounds, give the systematic name and the common name (for those that have common names), and indicate whether the amines are primary, secondary, or tertiary ... 

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