Systematic Errors in the Method of Standard Additions Youden Plots

Id Systematic Errors in the Method of Standard Additions Youden Plots 

Systematic errors in the Method of Standard Additions can be investigated by methods (Youden 1947,1960 Cardone 1983, 1986 Ferrus 1987) that, in their most developed form, provide a powerful protocol of great generality for the detection of both bias and proportional systematic errors in an MSA procedure. To explain the principles involved in a reasonable space, a particular model for the analytical procedure will be discussed here  

Although the model specified in (i)-(iii) is not completely general, it does cover the majority of circumstances that can lead to significant error in quantitative trace analysis by MSA. 

A general approach (Youden 1947, 1960) to determining whether or not bias errors are present in such an MSA analysis involves acquisition of a response curve in which the only variation in quantity of analyte Qa is due to controlled variations in sample size W  

Note that Equation [8.71] is a special case of Equation [8.70] with Q ,sa = 0 (no spiking) and rewritten so 

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