System minute-responding

In order to identify the limiting phenomenon, the phenomena involved must be distinguished, which is made possible by comparison of their characteristic times. Nevertheless, before discussing these differences and the potentials for process intensification, attention must be paid to the fact that a small characteristic time represents a fast phenomenon a second-responding system mns faster than a minute-responding system. The smallest characteristic time therefore corresponds to the fastest phenomenon. 

Direct reading instruments may be used in the studies of fire effluents from different small scale testing methods. Moisture and high concentrations do create problems that has to be considered. Such problems may be overcome by using a dilution system such as the EPM 797-system. The instruments used must be fast responding since in certain situations the whole event is over within 1 minute. This also requires proper attention in the design of the sampling line. 

Systemic corticosteroids (Table 80-4) are indicated in all patients with acute severe asthma not responding completely to initial inhaled /J2-agonist administration (every 20 minutes for three to four doses). Prednisone, 1 to 2 mg/kg/day (up to 40 to 60 mg/day), is administered orally in two divided doses for 3 to 10 days. Because short-term (1 to 2 weeks), high-dose systemic steroids do not produce serious toxicities, the ideal method is to use a short burst and then maintain the patient on appropriate long-term control therapy with inhaled corticosteroids. 

Cardiovascular Effects. In a recent report on the clinical treatment of phenol poisoning, Langford et al. (1998) provide a summary of a case report in which a woman accidentally consumed an ounce of 89% phenol which had been mistakenly been given to her in preparation for an in-office procedure. Her immediate reaction upon consuming the phenol was to clutch her throat and collapse, and within 30 minutes she was comatose and had gone into respiratory arrest. Treatment was initiated with an endotracheal intubation. Ventilation with a bag and mask led to the detection of a lamp oil odor. Within an hour she developed ventricular tachycardia which responded to cardioversion however, she subsequently developed (in the first 24 hours) supraventricular and ventricular dysrhythmias, metabolic acidosis, and experienced a grand mal seizure. After a 15-day hospital stay, she was completely recovered with no evidence of impaired motility or compromised gastrointestinal or cardiovascular systems. 

Problems witbin tbe polisher unit caused operators to respond by attempting to unblock a cboked condition using instrument air. The air was at a lower pressure than the condensate and this caused water to enter the air system. This was not a standard procedure and the commercially supplied polisher unit was not built to standards consistent with the plant. Water in the instrument air system caused several instruments to fail and ultimately initiated a turbine trip. This interrupted heat removal from the radioactive core. The heat generation within the reactor was halted automatically within a few minutes by dropping metal rods to absorb neutrons within the core. 

The fire erupted late in the day shift. The incoming evening emergency squad quickly responded and assisted the day shift crew in supplying about 6,000 gpm (380 L/s) of fire hose coverage in addition to fixed fire-water deluge systems. The fire was out in about 25 minutes. 

Figure 2A.1 Cross-sectional view of a low-level anti-coincidence beta-particle counter A. Sample on a planchet. B. Thin window detector. C. Guard detector. Lead shielding surrounds the entire detector system. Typical background count rates are about 1 count per minute for beta particles and 0.1 count per minute for alpha particles. A sample mounted on a planchet (A) is placed below the thin window. When the guard detector (C) is triggered by an extraneous radiation that penetrates the lead shield, the sample detector (B) is inactivated. Immediately following, the detector (B) responds to beta particles from the sample. For low-activity samples, the probability is low that a particle from the sample registers a pulse at the same time that the counter is inactivated.

Another promising avenue for research that Is unquestionably at the frontier of science concerns development of an understanding of processes Involved In olfactory perception. We know from our research on the sex pheromones that male moths possess a phenomenal ability to perceive and respond behavlorally to Incredibly minute quantities of pheromonal compounds In the air. The chemoreceptive sensitivity of this detector system Is certainly unrivaled by any organic-chemical detector system devised by man. 

A 16-year-old boy who took long-term verapamil after a Mustard operation for transposition of the great arteries developed severe congestive heart failure, which did not respond to diuretics. Systemic vascular resistance was increased by 75% and pulmonary vascular resistance by 150% the cardiac index was reduced from 3.0 to 1.8 1/minute/m. Ejection fraction and atrial pressure were unchanged and neurohormonal causes were excluded. The heart failure resolved after withdrawal of verapamil. 

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