System dependent aspect, plasma

Because an electrode does not function as electrode in DC or alternating current high-frequency discharge, the electrode system could be kept outside a glass reactor (capacitive external electrodes) or a coil around a glass tube (inductively coupled external electrode) can be used to create plasma. These modes of coupling could be dealt as a factor in the system-dependent aspect of plasma polymerization, i.e., the basic plasma polymerization remains the same. 

Because of the system dependent aspect of plasma polymerization, there is no material that can be adequately described as the plasma polymer of a particular monomer, e.g., the plasma polymer of styrene, the plasma polymer of tetrafluoroethylene, and so on. The factors that influence the system dependent aspect of plasma polymerization are operational parameters, such as flow rate, discharge power, system pressure, and substrate temperature, and the design factors of the reactor, such as its size and shape, mode of electric discharge, and location of the substrate. 

A typical example of the system dependent aspect of plasma polymerization can be seen in the data that are derived from the... 

The effect of stress on the endocrine and immune systems depends upon its duration and severity. Following acute stress, the rise in ACTH in response to the release of corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF) from the hypothalamus results in a rise in the synthesis and release of cortisol from the adrenals. The increase in the plasma cortisol concentration results in a temporary suppression of many aspects of cellular immunity. Due to the operation of an inhibitory feedback mechanism, stimulation of the central glucocorticoid receptors in the hypothalamus and pituitary causes a decrease in the further release of CRF, thereby decreasing the further... 

System Dependent Phenomena. Perhaps the most important aspect of plasma polymers is that their method of formation, plasma polymerization, is highly system dependent. For example, a monomer will not yield a well defined polymer, but a variety of polymers can be formed from a monomer depending on how plasma polymerization is used. This is definitely different from conventional polymerization. For instance, styrene can be polymerized by many different polymerization techniques, but the products can always be identified as polystyrene. This is because the polymerizations are essentially molecular processes, and, consequently, the chemical structure of the monomer is retained within the resulting polymer in a very predictable manner. 

If both MT-1 and HO-1 mRNA induction by heme-hemopexin involves a copper-redox enzyme in both heme transport (and consequent induction of HO-1 mRNA) and the signaling pathway for MT-1 expression, a plausible working model can be formulated by analogy with aspects of the yeast iron uptake processes and with redox reactions in transport (Figure 5-6). First, the ferric heme-iron bound to hemopexin can act as an electron acceptor, and reduction is proposed to be required for heme release. The ferrous heme and oxygen are substrates for an oxidase, possibly NADH-dependent, in the system for heme transport. Like ferrous iron, ferrous heme is more water soluble than ferric heme and thus more suitable as a transport intermediate between the heme-binding site on hemopexin and the next protein in the overall uptake process. The hemopexin system would also include a copper-redox protein in which the copper electrons would be available to produce Cu(I), either as the copper oxidase or for Cu(I) transport across the plasma membrane to cytosolic copper carrier proteins for incorporation into copper-requiring proteins [145]. The copper requirement for iron transport in yeast is detectable only under low levels of extracellular copper as occur in the serum-free experimental conditions often used. 

The nature of competition in multi-protein systems is a question of great interest which is touched on by a considerable number of the papers in this volume. Such interest is understandable in that many of the areas of application involve adsorption from complex media for example blood, plasma or serum, tear fluid and other body fluids, soil, milk, and food products generally. The information normally sought concerns the concentration profile of the proteins on the surface and how this is related to the concentration "profile" in the bulk phase. In general there is a redistribution of proteins in the surface phase, resulting in an enrichment of some components and an impoverishment of others relative to the bulk phase. The redistribution may also be time dependent and the kinetics as well as the equilibrium aspects are of interest. 

---