Synthetic/semisynthetic adhesives

Before the advent of synthetic resin adhesives, semisynthetic cellulosic materials were developed, but when they were first dissolved in solvents and used as an adhesive is not clear from the literature. Historically, the first thermoplastic synthetic adhesive (only partly synthetic) was the cellulose ester cellulose nitrate, often called nitrocellulose, and it is still one of the most important. Later, other esters such as the acetate were developed, as well as certain mixed esters [1, p. 295]. 

Semisynthetic and synthetic surgical adhesives include gelatine— resorcinol—formaldehyde (GRF), urethane prepolymers, and cyanoacrylates. These adhesives have some shortcomings such as low bioabsortion and metabolic rates, cytotoxicity (low biocompatibility), low adherence to wet surfaces, and chronic inflammation induced by the release of formaldehyde from GRF and cyanoacrylate polymers and aromatic diamine from aromatic polyurethanes [11]. 

POLYMERS, WATER-SOLUBLE. Any substance of high molecular weight which swells or dissolves in water at normal temperature. These fall into several groups, including natural, semisynthetic, and synthetic products. Their common property of water solubility makes them valuable for a wide variety of applications as thickeners, adhesives, coatings, fooe additives, textile sizing, etc. 

There are different types of commercially available tissue adhesives, classified into three categories natural or biological, synthetic and semisynthetic, and biomimetic. The biological tissue adhesives such as fibrin glues and collagen are quite effective in select applications. Their drawbacks are high cost and limited availability. The action of biomimetic adhesives is based on... 

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