Synthetic groundwater

Sorption of cesium in synthetic groundwater on clay minerals ... 

You work in a research laboratory and your job is to investigate the microbial degradation of organic pollutants in laboratory aquifer column systems. You supply a column continuously with a synthetic groundwater containing 0.3 mM 02, 0.5 mM NOj, 0.5 mM SO -, and 1 mM HCOj, as well as 0.1 mM benzoic acid butyl ester, which is easily mineralized to C02 and H20. The temperature is 20°C and the pH is 7.3 (well buffered). Would you expect sulfate reduction or even methanogenesis to occur in this column Establish an electron balance to answer this question. 

Jones, T. E. "Reference Material Chemistry, Synthetic Groundwater Formulation, RHO-BW-ST-37 P, Rockwell Hanford Operations, Richland, Washington, 1982. 

Keck D. W. (1994) Removal of dissolved naffiral organic matter from a synthetic groundwater with nanofiltration. MS Thesis, Georgia Instimte of Technology, 65pp. 

Azizian, M.P. and Nelson, P.O., Lead sorption, chemically enhanced desorption, and equilibrium modeling in an iron-oxide-coated sand and synthetic groundwater system, in Adsorption of Metals by Geomedia, Jenne, E., ed.. Academic Press, New York, 1998, p. 165. 

F-400 n.g. tBA n.g. Buffered, organic-free, spiked with salts (synthetic groundwater) 0.035 0.31 [28]... 

C 18 bonded n.g. 5-2500 mg/L Synthetic groundwater distUled deionised No statistically [47]... 

The fractionation of synthetic groundwater (adipic acid, EDTA, P-cyclodextrin, Aldrich HA) was studied with UF and dialysis. It was found that the fractions can only be obtained if the cell volume was kept constant until at least 700ml permeate were produced. This indicated that dialysis alone could not achieve satisfactory fractionation (Crum et al (1996)). 

A rapid small-scale column test protocol for bench-scale evaluation of alumina adsorbents was recently developed at the University of Houston (7). The RSSCT allows for faster evaluation of arsenic adsorbents using bench-scale column tests with actual or synthetic groundwaters. The RSSCT protocol uses low-pressure (<5 psig) glass minicolumns containing 4.0 mL of 60 X 100 mesh adsorbent. Compared with the standard (28 X 48 mesh) adsorbents currently used in pilot-scale and minicolumn tests, the RSSCT allows the use of faster flow rates so that the column runs can be completed in one-fourth to one-tenth the time required for the standard tests. 

In summary, from the above experiments, it can be concluded that the BW30 membrane has a higher rejection of both As and F from synthetic groundwater solution (>90%) than all other membranes tested. NF90, NF270 and SWHR membranes can also be used potentially for removal of both As and F and other ions (except nitrate for NF270). 

PWR fuel in synthetic groundwater. Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co. (SKB) Technical Report series, TR 87-16, Stockholm, Sweden. 

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