Synthesis into liquid solvent

SYNTHESIS Into 1 L H20 that was being stirred magnetically, there was added, in sequence, 62 g toluhydroquinone, 160 mL 25% NaOH, and 126 g dimethyl sulfate. After about 2 h, the reaction mixture was no longer basic, and another 40 mL of the 25% NaOH was added. Even with stirring for a few additional days, the reaction mixture remained basic. It was quenched in 2.5 LHzO, extracted with 3x100 mL CHjClj and the pooled extracts stripped of solvent under vacuum. The remaining 56.4 g of amber oil was distilled at about 70 °C at 0.5 mm/Hg to yield 49.0 g of 2,5-dimethoxytoluene as a white liquid. The aqueous residues, on acidification,... 

One family of ionic liquids that has to date only been sparsely investigated for use with conducting polymers is the protic ionic liquids, where the cation has one or more mobile hydrogen atoms. A recent manuscript by Bi ak detailed the synthesis of 2-hydroxy ethylammonium formate [109], which melts at — 82 °C and has a room-temperature ionic conductivity of 3.3 mS cm-1, and reported the ability of this protic ionic liquid to dissolve poly(aniline) (17gmL ) and poly(pyrrole) (no concentration specified). The dissolution of conducting polymers into any solvent is of significant interest for a variety of reasons, such as improving their processability and ease of incorporation into different devices. 

The reactor system, where the kinetic experiments were carried out can be described as a semi-batch reactor. Only the synthesis gas (H2 and CO) was fed into the reactor continuously during the experiments, while 1-butene and the solvent were in the batch mode. All reactions took place in the liquid phase. The mass balance for an arbitrary component in the gas is given by... 

Gas phase reactions are not so common in producing solid oxides and will not be considered here. As far as liquid state reactions are concerned, these can be performed in aqueous and non-aqueous solvents and can be subdivided into (i) precipitation and co-precipitation, including the so-called template synthesis, (ii) evaporation, and (iii) sol-gel methods. 

C30 oil, homopolymer of 1-decene, Ethyl Corp., Inc.) served as the start-up solvent for the experiments. The catalyst (ca. 5-8 g) was added to start-up solvent (ca. 300 g) in the CSTR. The reactor temperature was then raised to 270°C at a rate of l°C/min. The catalyst was activated using CO at a space velocity of 3.0 sl/h/g Fe at 270°C and 175 psig for 24 h. FTS was then started by adding synthesis gas mixture (H2 CO ratio of 0.7) to the reactor at a space velocity of either 3.1 or 5.0 sl/h/g Fe. The conversions of CO and H2 were obtained by gas chromatography (GC) analysis (HP Quad Series Micro-GC equipped with thermal conductivity detectors) of the product gas mixture. The reaction products were collected in three traps maintained at different temperatures—a hot trap (200°C), a warm trap (100°C), and a cold trap (0°C). The products were separated into different fractions (rewax, wax, oil, and aqueous) for quantification by GC analysis. However, the oil and the wax (liquid at room temperature) fractions were mixed prior to GC analysis. 

An imidazol-based ionic liquid synthesis was carried out under solvent-free conditions, simply bringing the two liquid reactants into contact... 

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