Synthesis charides

Mouse peritoneal macrophages that have been activated to produce nitric oxide by 7-interferon and lipopolysac-charide were shown to oxidize LDL less readily than unactivated macrophages. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis in the same model was shown to enhance LDL oxidation (Jessup etal., 1992 Yates a al., 1992). It has recently been demonstrated that nitric oxide is able to inhibit lipid peroxidation directly within LDL (Ho etal., 1993c). Nitric oxide probably reacts with the propagating peroxyl radicals thus terminating the chain of lipid peroxidation. The rate constant for the reaction between nitric oxide and peroxyl radicals has recently been determined to be 1-3 X10 M" s (Padmaja and Huie, 1993). This... 

Escherichia coli.96 The mutant strain J-5, defective in lipopolysac-charide synthesis, accumulates a considerable amount of this nucleotide and may be used for its preparative isolation.97,98... 

B. Giese, M. Hoch, C. Lamberth, and R. R. Schmidt, Synthesis of methylene bridged C-disac-charides. Tetrahedron Lett. 29 1375 (1988). 

The most representative example utilizing this approach is the synthesis of the ultralow molecular weight (ULMW) heparin construct 27 (Scheme 9.2), a heptasac-charide that has a very similar structure to the FDA-approved anticoagulant drug fondaparinux. Fondaparinux is currently synthesized chemically through 50 steps... 

Goulas AK, Cooper JM, Grandison AS, Rastall RA (2004) Synthesis of isomaltooligosac-charides and oligodextrans in a recycle membrane bioreactor by the combined use of dextransucrase and dextranase. Biotechnol Bioeng 88 778-787... 

Hummel and Hindsgaulfel developed a solid-phase synthesis of thio-oligosac-charides exemplified by the synthesis of the trisaccharide 31,5 [Scheme 531], which features the use of a disulfide to protect an anomeric thiol. The method exploits a highly reactive sugar thiolate 31,1 devoid of protecting groups as the nucleophile in a displacement reaction on triflate-activated glycoside 31,2 The... 

Frechet JMJ, Schuerch C. Solid-phase synthesis of oligosac- 87. charides III. Preparation of some derivatives of di- and tri-saccharides via a simple alcoholysis reaction. Carb Res. 1972 22 399-412. 

H. Paulsen and W. Kutschker, Synthesis of /i-L-rhamnoside linked oligosaccharides of lipopolysac-charides from Shigella flexneri serotype 6, Carbohydr. Res., 120 (1983) 25 -2. 

The hydroxynitrobenzyl linker 5 was designed by Nicolaou [17] for the combinatorial synthesis of oligosaccharides. The single sugar photolysis test (Scheme 17.5) resulted in a 95% cleavage yield after 8h of irradiation, and the heptasac-charide product was obtained in 20% overall yield. 

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